To contribute to the clarification of the developmental process of human intestinal infections, experimental studies were done producing salmonellosis on monkeys (cynomolgus). And we are reporting a series of experiments and in this paper isolations of immune globulins from the serum and intestinal tissues of the monkeys were performed as the preliminary experiments.
Results were summarized as follows:
I) Monkey IgM, IgG, and IgA were cross-reacted with human IgM, IgG, and IgA, respectively, and the common antigens were recognized, respectively.
II) Separation of IgM: Precipitates of the whole serum by 33% Am Sul were fractioned by gelfiltration on the column of Sephadex G-200, and effluents were separated into two peaks (18s and 7s), and IgM was obtained by zone electrophoresis in 18s fraction.
III) Separation of IgG: Above obtained 7s peak was separated by DEAE chromatography using 0.01 M PH 7.4 PBS.
IV) Separation of IgA: From the extracts of monkey intestine tissue, y fraction was obtained by zone electrophoresis. This fraction was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose, and the effluent obtained through PH 6.4, 0.10 M was further refined through Sephadex G-200 gel.
V) H.L. chain separation from IgG: Refined IgG was reduced by 2-ME and alkylated by iodoacetamide, and then geI-filtrated through Sephadex G-200 in 1 N H. Ac solution at the room temperature. Heavy and light chain were thus separated. Proportion of H and L chain was 74: 26.

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Fourteen cynomolgus monekys, weighed 2-4 Kg, were orally given salmonella typhimurium or salmonella enteritidis (3-5×10^7-8/ml cell) after fasting for two days. CaCO³ of 500mg was also given immediately before the bacillary administration. Clinical course, histopathological findings of the intestine, bacillary invasion and its habitation in the intestine and other organs, and mucous antibodies in the intestinal mucous tissue, spleen and lymphglands were investigated using immunofluorescence method among others. Although two salmonella species were used in this experiment, any mentionable difference couldn't be found in the results between the two and, thus, a general summarization was drawn as follows:
1) The onset of the illness was 48-72 hours after the bacillary administration in general.
2) Twenty four hours after the onset of the illness, salmonella bacilli were seen invading into the small intestine, the cecum, and the rectum.
3) By 48 hours after the onset of the illness, the bacillary invasion into the small intestine was seen quantitatively decreasing and around 72 hours after the onset of the illness the bacillary growth in the cecum and the rectum became the greatest. If the animals survived the crucial 96 hours after the onset of the illness, they improved gradually, and after one week bacillary invasion couldn't be observed any more. However, in only one case which got into carrier state, a large quantity of the bacilli was found invading and habitating in the cecum, the rectum and lymphglands even after 2 weeks after the onset of the illness.
4) During acute stage, bacillary invasion could be seen in the lymphglands, the spleen and the gall bladder.
5) In the intstinal mucous membrane, IgA found in lamina propria became secretory IgA in coincidence with bacillary invasion. IgM and IgG are principally found in Lamina propria, but it appeared in this experiment that IgM is sometimes secreted. Impression is that IgA is most closely related with the phase of the bacillary invasion.
6) In the lymphnodes and spleen, IgM appeared first and most prosperous coincided with acute stage of bacillary invasion. IgG appeared a little while later. One carrier state monkey investigated had shown no IgM producing cell in the lymphnodes and spleen.

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Hyuganetsu disease was caused by ingestion of raw gray mullet, indicating an endoparasite-born rickettsios is.
Attempts were made to isolate causative rickettsia from the parasites of the fish. Metacercaria of Stellantchasmus falcatus, homogenized or untreated, were inoculated into mice via peritoneal or oral routes. The mice were autopsied after 14 days and 30 days, respectively, and thereafter blind passages were done every 14 days with spleen homogenate. Four strains of rickettsia-like organisms were isolated by the former procedure and 6 by the latter.
These rickettsia-like isolates were studied for its characteristics comparing with Rickettsia sennetsu. They shared common morphological, biological and antigenic properties on the one hand such as:
1. They were visualized by Macchiavello staining of lymph node cells of infected mice; coccoid and pleomorphic.
2. They were unfiltrable through Chamberland L3 filters.
3. They were sensitive to heat treatments (50°C, 10 minutes), formalin (0.1%, 3 hours), phenol (0.5%, 3 hours) and ether (10%, 30 minutes).
4. They were sensitive to antibiotics.
5. The isolates were positive for direct immunofluorescence test with labelled anti-Rickettsia sennetsu antibody or for indirect method with convalescent patient serum of “Hyuganetsu” disease and labelled anti-human-γ-globulin antibody, and Rickettsia sennetsu was also positive for indirect method using convalescent mice serums infected with the isolates and labelled anti-mouse-γ-globulin antibody.
However, the pathogenicity and some other characteristics distinguished them from Rickettsia sennetsu on the other:
1. They did not kill mice while Rickettsia sennetsu did in 14 days.
2. Autopsy of the infected mice revealed no viscous exudate in the peritoneal cavity.
3. Mice immunized with the isolates acquired only a little cross immunity against Rickettsia sennetsu infection.
The possibility that the metacercaria of Stellantchasmus falcatus may carry Rickettsia sennetsu as well as the rickettsia-like organism is not inconceivable in the light of the fact that Nanophyetus salmincola, the vecter of salmon disease complex in dogs, can be concurrently infected with Neorickettsia helminthoeca and Elokomin fluke fever agent.

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昭和44年4.月から48年3.月までに主として猩紅熱患者から分離されたA群溶血連鎖球菌菌型分布の年次変動と地域差

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溶連菌A, C及びG群の抗原性を解析することを目的として次の実験を行なつた.A群各型 (標準株, 野外株), C群 (保菌者由来株) 及びG群 (しよう紅熱患者由来株) から加熱処理またはトリプシン処理によつてワクチンを作成し, 家兎を免疫して抗血清を得, 一方菌体から酸加熱またはオートクレープ抽出により抗原を調製し, 微量ゲル内沈降反応, 免疫電気泳動を行ない, 各菌株の抗原性を解析した.実験結果は概略次のようであつた.
1. A群各型箘では, この群に共通する多糖体抗原と, 各型に特異的な蛋白質抗原 (M蛋白) が見出されたが, ゲル内沈降反応では, 前者は抗血清ウエルの近く, 後者はほぼ中間に沈降線を形成した.12型菌について免疫電気泳動を行なうと, 上述の多糖体抗原は陰極側に, 蛋白質抗原はやや陽極側に泳動した.
2. C及びG群菌にも, 当然各群に特異的で, それぞれの群内では総ての菌株に共通な多糖体抗原があり, それらはゲル内沈降反応において, A群多糖体同様, 抗血清ウェルの近くに沈降線を形成し, 免疫電気泳動では陰極側に泳動した.
3. C及びG群菌においても, ゲル内沈降反応及び免疫電気泳動において, A群の型特異蛋白質に相当する位置に明瞭な沈降線が認められ, これらはトリプシン処理菌免疫血清では認められないことかから, A群のM蛋白同様, 耐熱性蛋白質抗原と考えられる.これらの沈降線は, 免疫に用いたC及びG群菌ばかりでなく, それぞれの標準株から作成した抗原とも総て融合し, 供試したC及びG群菌の総てがこの耐熱性蛋白質抗原を共有していることが判明したが, A群12型菌をはじめ, 多くのA群菌M蛋白とは抗原的に無関係であつた.
4. 上述の群特異的多糖体抗原及びC, Gに共通な耐熱性蛋白質抗原のほかに, 免疫に用いたC及びG群の菌株にのみそれぞれ特異的で同群の標準株には認められない抗原の存在が確認された, この抗原はトリプシン処理により免疫原性を失わないので, 株特異的な多糖体性抗原ではないかと思われるが, ゲル内沈降反応では最も抗原ウエルの近くに沈降線を形成し, 免疫電気泳動では殆ど原点にとどまつていた.
5. 菌体からの抗原抽出法に関しては, A群菌の型特異的蛋白質抗原を問題にする場合は, 酸加熱抽出抗原の方がオートクレープ抽出抗原よりも反応が鮮明でやや優れているようであつた.しかしながら, A, C及びG各群に特異的な多糖体抗原, 更には免疫に用いたC及びG群各菌株に特異的な多糖体性抗原の解析に関しては, オートクレープ抽出抗原の方が反応は明瞭であり, 特にG群菌においては, 酸加熱抽出抗原では, 抗原過剰から, 全く反応が見られない場合があり, オートクレープ抽出抗原を用いることが必須であった.

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米国教育厚生省 (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) の定期刊行物に, Center for Disease Control (CDC) から“Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report”(MMWR) という週刊パンフレットが発行されています. 内容は合衆国の届出伝染病の週間州別発生速報が主ですが, ほかに各種疾患の集団発生報告や調査記録なども載つています. その中から興味ありそうな記事を選んで紹介しましよう.

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