Antibacterial activities of cefatrizine (CFT), a new oral cephalosporine, and its therapeutic effect on various infections were studied and following results were obtained.
1) Antibacterial activities of CFT against gram-positive organisms were examined using clinically isolated 18 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 of Streptococcus β-hemolyticus, 3 of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 3 of enterococci. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was mostly 0.39 to 0.78μg/ml in Staphylococcus aureus, 0.39 μg/ml in Staphylococcus epidermidis and 6.251μg/ml in enterococci which is 1/4 to 1/2 times lower than that of cephalexin (CEX). MIC against Streptococcus β-hemolyticus and Streptococcus pneumoniae was not more than 0.19 μg/ml. Antibacterial activities against gram-negative organisms examined by the use of 20 strains of Escherichia coli, 12 of Klebsiella, 7 of Proteus mirabilis ranged mostly from 0.78 to 1.56 μg/ml, 0.78 to 6.25μg/ml and 0.78 to 1.56 μg/ml as MIC, respectively, and it is 1/8 to 1/4 times lower than that of CEX. No antibacterial activity was noted against Pseudomonas aeruginosa both in CFT and CEX.
2) Clinical trial with CFT was carried out in 260 patients suffering from various infections cornprizing 105 patients in internal medicine, 17 in pediatrics, 23 in surgery, 12 in orthopedics, 30 in urology, 15 in obstetrics and gynecology, 27 in otorhynolaryngology and 21 in ophthalmology. Daily dose of CFT was 1.0 to 2.0 grams (capsules) in adult patients and 40 mg per kg (dry syrup) in infantile patients. The result obtained was 36 cases of marked effectiveness and 164 effective cases, the effectiveness rate being 76.9%.
3) Side effects were seen in 20 (7.6%) out of 263 patients examined, 15 showing gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, a sensation of discomfort in stomach region, abdominal pain, soft feces and diarrhea) and 5, skin rash.
4) Influences of CFT on blood picture, liver and kidney functions were checked. Red blood cell and white blood cell counts were examined in 119 and 121 cases, respectively, and except one case showing the increase in white blood cell counts from 11, 200 to 16, 100, no abnormality was found. Slight elevation of SGOT up to 50-70 units was noted in 3 out of 114 cases and slight aggravation was noted in 2 cases who had had slight abnormal value before the medication. Slight elevation of SGPT up to 50-75 units was observed in 3 out of 114 cases and slight aggravation was found in 3 already slightly disordered cases. Alkaline phosphatase was checked in 91 case, but no abnormal finding was observed. Slight elevations of BUN and serum creatinine level were noted in 3 out of 98 and 1 out of 108, respectively, after CFT dosing. Coomb's test was performed in 31 cases but no positive case was noted.

抄録全体を表示

Streptococcus faecalis strain BIO-4R (BIO-4R) is a preparation of streptococcus faecalis furnished with multiple antibiotic resistance for the purpose of clinical use as ‘lactic acid bacterio-drug’.
The basic experiments with this preparation have already completed and it has been marketted by the name of Entomol, one gr of which contains over 10⁷ cells of BIO-4R.
This report presents the results of clinical double blind trial of this drug on the patients of infectious enterocolitis (36 cases of bacillary dysentery, 17 of salmonellosis, 45 of acute colitis) under the antibiotic treatment. The subjects were divided into two; one group consists of 47 patients receiving Entomol 6 gr. per day; the other, 51 patients with placebos.
The observations were chiefly made (1) on the nature of the stool, (2) the frequency of the stool, (3) subjective disorders such as nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, and tenesmus, (4) overgrowth of the so-called opportunistic organisms such as pseudomonas, proteus, citrobacter, and klebsiella.
Statistically significant results occurred by Entomol on both the nature and the frequency of the stool. Occurrence of subjective disorders was also statistically lower in Entomol group. The number of pseudomonas, proteus, citrobacter, and klebsiella was fewer in the case of Entomol administration. These results suggested that Entomol, by suppressing the overgrowth of the so-called opportunistic organisms, have played an important role in the prevention of various disorders resulting from the change in the pattern of enteric flora caused by antibiotic administration or its discontinuation.

抄録全体を表示

Hoshino strain live attenuated mumps virus vaccine (A chick embryo tissue culture type) has been developed by Makino et al. In this study, this viral strain of the 7 th subculture was used as the seed virus for the preparation of vaccine Lot No.TC-2. This vaccine was inoculated subcutaneously into children with no history of mumps infection and the resulting clinical reactions and antibody responses were investigated.
In addition, in view of that the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for mumps, presently available Japan NIH method, does not adequately remove non-specific inhibitors (NsI) with the consequent danger of obtaining positive reactions even with actually negative sera, the test methodology was also studied with a intention to improve it by increasing its sensitivity.
The following results were. obtained:
1) In the present HI test for mumps, kaolin is used to remove NsI from test sera. The extent of removal, however, varies with the product lot. RDE (products of Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Japan) was found to have high removal efficiency which did not vary by lot. In addition, when the adsorption of hemagglutinin and test human serum, carried out at 37°C for 1 hour according to the present method, is prolonged by overnight standing at 4°C, an increase in HI titer results. Hemagglutinin purified with ether or Tween 80 results in a higher rate of positive HI determinations and the HI titers increase.
2) When Hoshino vaccine was inoculated into 128 children with no history of mumps infection, no clinical reactions were observed in any of the vaccinees. At 6-8 th week post vaccination, the antibody levels in 35 initially seronegative children were studied with the following results. The seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers, respectively, were: HI antibodies: 80%(28/35), 5 × 2^1.4; neutralizing antibodies: 92.9%(26/28), 2^3.0; CF-antibodies for S-antigen: 96.9%(31/32), 2^1.9.
From the above results, it was concluded that the seed virus used in producing this test vaccine was a strain of attenuated mumps virus which was sufficiently immunogenic without producing undesirable clinical reactions.

抄録全体を表示