A single dose of 10 mg of a new vitamin B₁ derivative, o-butyrylthiamine disulfide (BuTDS), was injected intramuscularly to diabetic patients with neuropathy every morning for 10 to 39 consecutive days in order to evaluate its clinical effect and influences on both motor nerve conduction velocity and vibration sense threshold of the extremities.
Of 19 patients, 3 patientients responded to BuTDS remarkably, 3 satisfactorily, 7 faily effectively and 4 ineffectively. The drug was effective particularly for sensory disturbances. A tendency of simultaneous improvement in the vibration sense threshold, the tendon reflex and the peripheral motor nerve conduction velocity was also demonstrated.
It is concluded, based on the clinical results, that BuTDS has definite effects in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

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The present study is an analysis of 177 diabetic patients treated with sulfonylurea drugs before 1961.
1) One handred and three of 177 diabetic patients had response to sulfonylurea and 33 of them continued to take the drugs over 5 years.
2) Eight of the 33 cases treated with sulfonylurea over five years had become diabetic before 39 years old.
3) Five of the 33 diabetics were treated with sulfonylurea over 9 years, and 2 of the 5 patients with tolbutamide alone.
4) The cases treated with tolbutamide alone were 18 and the patients transferred to tolbutamide from carbutamide were 5. Finally among the 33 patients, 23 patients were treated with tobutamide and 19 patients were still under the treatment of tolbutamide. In there maining 4 cases of the 23 patients, the treatment with tolbutamide was changed to the therapy with insulin or biguanide.
5) In our experience the secondary failure of sulfonylurea still occurred after the 5 years treatment with the drugs, while in long term treatment of sulfonylurea a role of therapy with tolbutamide alone seems inportant.

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With the mid-stream urine obtained from 100 patients of diabetes mellitus and 100 non-diabetics, the incidence of fungus infection was studied. All specimens were cultured on Sabouraud's glucose agar and Mycocel glucose agar at 25-27°C for 7 days.
The results were as follows:
1) 31% of the diabetic patients showed urine positive for fungus growth as compared with 12% of non-diabetics. (p<0.01)
In the cases of women, 38.3% of diabetics had urinary fungus infection, as compared with 4.0% of non-diabetics. The difference was more significant than that of men (24.5% to 14.7%).
2) The fungi detected were Candida species in 42 cases, and only one case was Aspergillus species.
None of them, that had urine positive for fungi growth, complained of symptoms of urinary infection.
3) In the case of the diabetics, urinary fungus infection appears to have no relation to increasing age and duration of diabetes mellitus.
4) The incidence of urinary fungus infection tends to increase as diabetes mellitus becomes severe.
5) The higher incidence of urinary fungus infection was found in the group that had more than 200 mg/dl fasting blood glucose level.
6) The incidence of urinary fungus infection was high in the group that had urine positive for glucose. (+-++by ‘Uristix’) No correlation was noted between the fungus infection and the urine protein.
7) Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents seemed to have no effects on the incidence of urinary fungus infection.

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Studies were made from various angles on the epididymal adipose tissue method in which glucose uptake from the medium to the tissue is used as a parameter.Results were as follows:
1) Forty days old male rats were fed on standard diet for 5-6 weeks and when the rats were about 200-250g, they were selected for experimental use.After decapitation, laparatomy was performed and the adipose tissues attached to the both epididymides were separated by scissors.
2) The isolated adipose tissues were immediately placed in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution at 20°C for 30 minutes, during which period the buffer was renewed at least three times.
Meanwhile, 5-6 tissue preparations averaging 40 mg by weight were prepared from the distal portion of each sample.These preparations were pooled in a medium containing 1 mg/m/ glucose.
Then, the moisture of the tissue was lightly removed by absorption on a filter paper, after which the pieces were put in vessels containing a fixed medium.
3) The medium used was 1 ml Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1 mg glucose and 0.2 mg dihydrostreptomycin.The incubation period was 4 hours at a temperature of 37°C and shaken at the rate of 120 oscillations/min.
4) After incubation, the wet tissue weight was measured by a torsion balance.
The glucose concentrations in the medium before and after incubation were measured by the glucose oxidase method.The glucose uptake by the tisuse was expressed as glucose mg/100 mg.wet weight/4 hours incubation time.
5) Construction of a dose response curve of crystalline insulin from data obtained by the aforementioned experimental method shows a distinct linear relation.Minimum insulin concentration that could be detected was 10 μU/ml and a linear relation was observed between concentrations of 10 μU/ml and 1000 μU/ml.Precision index was 0.29.

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Human albumin fractions prepared from normal, insulin resistant schizophrenic, obese, diabetic and insulin resistant diabetic subjects by Debro's procedures were found to inhibit the action of insulin on rat diaphragm muscle in vitro.
The inhibitory percentages by albumin fractions are followed, 21% in the normal, 37% in insulin resistant schizophrenia, 53% in obesity, 56% in diabetes and 74% in insulin resistant diabetes.
The inhibitory activity of albumin fractions dimi, nished after treatment with p-Chloromercuriben, zoate (albumin fractions were incubated with PCMB in distilled water, dialysed against distilled water and lyophilized to dryness).Electrophoretic and immuno-electrophoretic patterns for these albumin fractions showed a single band on cellulose acetate membrane.
The degree of absorbancy at numbers of wave 1, 000-1, 100in infra-red ray relates closely with the value of polysaccharides bound to albumin.
The contents of polysaccharides bound to albumin fractions are follow ed, 0.07mg in insulin resistant schizophrenia, 0.068mg in insulin resistant diabetes, 0.045mg in obesity, 0.04mg in diabetes and 0.03mg in the normal (the contents of polysaccharides are showed per mg of nitrogen).
The immuno-reactive insulin levels in albumin fractions are less than 7μu/ml of 2% albumin solution.
A possibility that the reactive SH groups in the albumin fractions may have an inhibitory effect in vitro and that the inhibitory activity may correlate with polysaccharides bound to albumin fractions in vivo is presented in the present report.

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