VITAMINS

Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X

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Volume 25, Issue 5

Displaying 1-50 of 133 articles from this issue

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THE SYNTHESIS OF S-ACYLTHIAMINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR STABILITY

Taizo MATSUKAWA, Sojiro YURUGI, Yoshikazu OKA

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 357-368
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_357

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Studies on thiamine and its related compounds, especially those of thiol form, have been conducted for the past ten years. The investigations have included the discovery of thiothiamine, the synthesis of S-alkylthiamine, thiamine alkyl disulfide and S-acylthiamine derivatives. Thiamine is unstable, in general, to alkali and in the presence of various amines such as ammonia, hydrazine or alkylamine, sulfur-elimination occurs with the production of amino compounds. Recently, several new S-acylthiamine derivatives have been synthesized and comparative studies conducted on the stability to acid and alkali. Several thiol forms of thiamine derivative have been reacted with some amines and the results differing from those observed with thiamine, have been obtained.

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THE ESTIMATION METHOD OF VITAMIN E IN MILK

Hiroshi WAKO, Hideki KURATANI, Hiroshi KUZUYA

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 369-372
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_369

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The present paper deals with the modified mothod of vitamin E determination in milk, based on Emmerie-Engel's method. The method consists of the extraction of the fat-soluble substances in milk, the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of the extracts and the colorimetric determination. With this method, the recovery of α-tocopherol was 96.3 per cent and the experimental error was ±3.88 per cent. Vitamin E contents in cow's milk were 123 to 207μg per 100ml, and in human milk, were 297 to 1098μg per 100 ml.

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INFLUENCE OF FOOD COLORS ON THE THIAMINE METABOLISM : (VI) THE CHANGE OF PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN KIDNEY OF MOUSE

Akira YAMADA

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 373-375
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_373

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The author reported previously that the ester ratio of thiamine in kidney of mice showed a marked fall when the food colors were given. In the present paper, the author examined the effects of food colors on the phosphatase activity in mouse kidney. The alkaline phosphatase activities were higher when the colors of xanthene or azo groups were given, while lower in case of indigo colors. The acid phosphatase activity decreased by the administration of food colors in all cases. The author assumed that the increase of urinary thiamine excretion by the administration of food colors is due to the accerelation of dephosphorylation of thiamine ester by the kidney alkaline phosphatase.

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CLINICAL OBERVATION OF O-BENZOYLTHIAMINE DISULFIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF DERMATOSIS

Katsu TAKENOUCHI, Kazuo ASO, Kioichi SAITO, Kyoko MORITA

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 376-383
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_376

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As significant increases of thiamine in urine, blood, and various tissues were observed in normal persons as well as in the normal or thiamine deficient rats by the oral administration of O-benzoylthiamine disulfide, it was oraly administered in patients with dermatosis whose blood level of thiamine was lower than normal, and clinical improvements were observed. Of 38 patients, improvements were noted in 9 cases (23%) by daily administration of 30mg for 3 to 4 weeks. Disturbed liver functions were also improved at the same time in 7 cases (31.8%) out of 22 cases.

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STUDIES ON VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS FOR POULTRY : (III) REQUIREMENTS OF VITAMINS A, D AND E FOR WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS

Minoru YOSHIDA, Hiroshi HOSHII, Hiroshi MORIMOTO

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 384-389
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_384

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The requirements for fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E of the Japanese White Leghorn chicks were studied fed in purified diet. Effect of vitamin E supplementation to the corn-soy bean meal and sweet potato-soybean meal diets with 6.3 and 4.8% of animal fat was also studied for 4 weeks. Synthetic vitamin A palmitate, crystalline vitamin D_3 and d-α-tocopheryl acetate were used for standard vitamins. Body weight gains of chicks for 3 weeks suggested that the requirement of vitamin A was not more than that recommended by N.R.C., U.S.A., i.e. 2,650 I.U./kg diet. Results of tibia ash analysis revealed that the requirement of vitamin D was also not more than that recommended by the same, i.e. 200 I.C.U./kg diet. No positive effect was observed by the supplementation of vitamin E both to purified diet and natural diets.

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STUDIES ON VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS FOR POULTRY : (IV) REQUIREMENTS OF THIAMINE, NICOTINIC ACID AND CHOLINE AND THE TABLE OF VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS FOR WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS

Minoru YOSHIDA, Hiroshi HOSHII, Hiroshi MORIMOTO

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 390-394
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_390

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Day-old White Leghorn male chicks were fed with the purified diets containing the graded levels of thiamine, nicotinic acid or choline. Content of the vitamin in the basal diet lacking one of these vitamins was determined microbiologically with L. fermenti 36,L. arabinosus and Neurospora crassa, respectively. From the body weight gain of chicks for 3 weeks, the requirements of thiamine, nicotinic acid and choline for the optimum growth were estimated as 2.5mg, 29 mg and 1.8 g per kg diet, respectively. All of these requirements are higher than those recommended by N.R.C. in U.S.A. Since the reassessment of the requirements of 11 vitamins has been completed, the results of this series of studies (I-IV) are summarized and given as the table of vitamin requirements for White Leghorn chicks on purified diet. The feeding experiment showed that chicks fed vitamins of the amount just given in Table 6 grew satisfactorilly.

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ON THE THIAMINE DECOMPOSING BACTERIUM, P AND T STRAINS

Michio LIAO, Yoshitaro FUKUDA, Tsutomu HIGASHIURA

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 395-397
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_395

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Recently, Chang isolated one strain from 15 Pakistani, 9 strains from 28 Formosan feces of aerobic spore forming bacillus having thiaminase and reported these organisms should belong to one new species with many properties different from Bacillus thiaminolyticus. Bacteriological and enzymological investigations were carried out on these strains (P and T_3) supplied from Chang and on the m strain of B. thiaminolyticus in very detail, and we evidenced that, though, P and T_3 strain in a way with morphological, cultural and biological characteristics differ from m strain, these organisms should belong to B. thiaminolyticus because the differences were not so distinct to decide that strains make a new specis of the Genus Bacillus.

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STUDIES ON FATTY ACID ESTERS OF FLAVINS : (IX) INFLUENCES OF HEAT AND LIGHT ON FATTY ACID ESTERS OF RIBOFLAVIN DISSOLVED IN OIL

Kunio YAGI, Jun OKUDA, Yoshiko YAMAMOTO

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 398-402
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_398

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As a fundamental study for the application of fatty acid esters of riboflavin to pharmaceutical and nutritional fields, influences of heat and light on riboflavin-2', 3', 4', 5'-tetrapalmitate and tetrabutyrate dissolved in soya bean oil were examined. These esters dissolved in soya bean oil were found to be stable for heating, but rather labile for light irradiation. This photodecomposition was supposed to be provoked with unsaturated fatty acid in the oil, and could be prevented by addition of antioxidant.

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STUDIES ON DIHYDROTHIAMINE : (XIV) THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF THE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS OF DIHYDROTHIAMINE ON GROWTH OF THIAMINE REQUIRING MICROORGANISMS

Chikataro KAWASAKI, Chisae YAMADA

Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 402-405
Published: May 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_402

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As previously reported (Vitamins, 1962), the growth of Kloeckera apiculata was markedly inhibited and also that of Lactobacillus fermenti was moderately inhibited by dihydrothiamine (I) at such a high concentration as 1/4×10^<-3> or 1/4×10^<-2>M. Thiamine, essential for their growth, was non-effective for recovery of the growth-inhibition of Kl. apiculata or slightly effective for L. fermenti even at the highest concentration of 1/4×10^<-2>M. The addition of 10 mg of yeast extract to the medium instead of thiamine showed similar effect to the growth. As I is unstable in the acid medium, it is easily decomposed into Tris-(2-methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-hexahydro-S-triazine (II) and 5-hydroxy-3-mercapto-2-pentanone (III). At the presence of sufficient amount of thiamine (0.169μg), II had no inhibitory effect on Kl. apiculata even at the concentration of 1/4×10^<-3>M and on the contrary 1/4×10^<-4>M of III showed a marked inhibition on the growth. After incubation of I with the basal medium, it was developed on a filterpaper-strip by acetic acid・n-butanol・H_2O (1 : 4 : 5) and III was both clearly detected chemically by NaN_3-I_2 reagent and by the means of bioautography (growth-inhibition of Kl. apiculata) at the same spot on the strip.

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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 406-409
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_406

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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 409-411
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_409

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 411-
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_411_1

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 411-412
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_411_2

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 412-413
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_412

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 413-
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_413

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 414-
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_414_1

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 414-416
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_414_2

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 416-418
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_416

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 418-
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_418_1

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 419-
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_419_1

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 419-
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_419_2

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 419-420
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_419_3

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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 420-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 420-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 420-421
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 421-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 421-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 421-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 421-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 421-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 422-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 422-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 422-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 422-423
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 423-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 423-
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 423-424
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 424-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 424-425
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 425-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 425-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 425-426
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1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 426-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 426-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 426-427
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 427-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 427-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 427-428
Published: May 25, 1962
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 428-
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Article type: Article
1962 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 428-
Published: May 25, 1962
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.25.5_428_2

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