In this study, 25 sixth grade primary school students kept the newly created “one-month pocketbook” for about 6 months. Questionnaires were distributed to parents and children about their interest in money after using the “one-month pocketbook.”

  It was observed that children maintained their interest in money but also became more aware of family welfare. Moreover, children could grasp their financial situation and think about money from various aspects by keeping the “one-month pocketbook”. Previous research produced the same result. As for parents, more tended to give pocket money to their children after using the “one-month pocketbook” and they realized that children's interest in money had stayed at a high level. This was the same result as that of previous research. The parents' comments did not influence the children's behavior. The major difference between this and previous research is that parents realized that children's attitudes had changed after just 5 months.

  This study aimed to clarify how central office supervisors of childcare center management companies perceive their own roles and the current situation surrounding childcare. Based on a category analysis using a grounded theory approach to the narratives of 15 central office supervisors, it was found that (1) corporations operating on a large scale tend to produce their training program in-house and have adequate human resources to do so, (2) corporations, due to their organizational nature, lack stability in the operation of childcare centers, and (3) the benefits corporations enjoy may be incompatible with those enjoyed by local communities.

  To improve the nutrition of young children in the Philippines, we investigated the implementation of feeding programs at daycare centers operated by the Rural Improvement Club-Children Learning Center (RIC) and Welfare and Development (DSWD) in the Province of Laguna. These programs differed by facility, with RIC providing a menu with KALINGA added, and DSWD providing a menu consisting of rice and side dishes. The menus consisted mainly of foods with carbohydrate and protein sources, and there was little use of vegetables and fruits, a source of vitamins and minerals. In both facilities, the feeding program was based on practical knowledge and did not provide uniform indicators for nutrition and dietary management. To ensure appropriate nutritional management in daycare centers in the Philippines, it is necessary to provide operational guidelines that can be implemented in each facility.

  The Japanese Food Labeling Act was enforced on April 1, 2015, and rendered compulsory the change of all food labeling by March 31, 2020. We conducted an investigation to determine the degree of shift toward the new standard, and a survey for each one month in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Based on the Food Label Watcher survey form, compliance to the new standard was determined. The rate of problematic labels decreased each year, from 41% in 2018 to 18% in 2019 to 6% in 2020. Beverage products were found to comply with the new standards in each period. For noodles and bread, compliance with the labeling requirements improved each year. However, compliance with processed foods was lagging. Processed foods without nutritional labels were deemed problematic (68% in 2019 and 50% in 2020). The sample sizes for processed food groups differed each year; if they were similar, a clearer result would more likely have been obtained. Moreover, expanding the investigation survey to include non-students may have produced different results to general. The study suggests that even after enforcement of the Food Labeling Act, there is a need to always confirm food labeling.