This study purports to clarify the factors associated with the fluctuation of family income and expenditure on the basis of the homogeneous data about needs and the demand for goods and services based on a family life-cycle model.
In this first paper, we made original data for lifetime income and expenditure per household with income quintile groups.
For this data, we used the original family budget text of the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (1984) in Shizuoka Prefecture. We analyzed the data in question from the viewpoints of lifetime income and expenditure.
The results are as follows :
(1) The results of the analysis of lifetime income made it clear that the difference of income is due to wife's income, social benefits and the withdrawal of deposits.
(2) Concerning the ten major items in lifetime expenditure, a comparison of the indices and component ratio of the fir st group with those of the second group made the following clear :
(1) Index is decreasing and proportion is going down in food, fuel, light and water charges and education.
(2) Index is increasing while proportion is going down in housing.
(3) Index is increasing while proportion is going up in furniture and household utensils, clothes and footwear, medical care, transportation and communication, reading and recreation and other expenditure.

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This study purports to clarify the consumer's preference at each life stage, using the theory of “the scale of urgency” by Allen and Bowley.
For that purpose, we made regression analysis using the data averaged by income quintile groups and by life stage, which we made on our first paper (Part 1).
We then analyzed the coefficient of income elasticity for each items. We further analyzed the style of consumer at each life stage and each income group.
The results are as follows :
(1) The results of analysis on life stage : With increase of income and relative decreases of family size, luxuries changed into necessaries. At the 5th stage of family, which is called “family ripening period, ” almost all living expenditures have changed into necessaries, so the 5th stage of family can be considered as the most stable stage.
(2) The results of analysis on income groups are as follows : Most of the budget items tends to change from luxuries to necessaries with the increase of income. However, some items such as clothes and footwear tend to returns to luxuries rather than necessaries according to the need for goods of quality.

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In the industrial methods of removing astringency in the astringent persimmons, several treatments have been used : such as treatments with distilled spirits, drying and others. Soluble tannins cause astringency in persimmons. The removal of astringency is considered to be due to the conversion of the soluble tannins to insoluble compounds. Acetaldehyde is responsible for insolubility of the tannins, and it might be produced by the action of the enzyme, such as pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) or alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in persimmons.
The contents of the soluble tannins and the activities of PDC and ADH were determined during the growing and ripening period of both the astringent and sweet persimmon, and it was found that the amounts of the soluble tannins decreased and the activities of both enzymes were always present during these periods. Even a sweet persimmon was astringent in the growing period and it contained much soluble tannins, but later the content of soluble tannins decreased to less than 0.1%, and at this level the astringent taste was not detectable. Both alcohol and drying treatment on the astringent persimmons were effective for removing astringency, and the activities of PDC were present in all the samples, but the dried samples showed no activity of ADH.

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Questionnaires surveys were conducted in order to make clear the factors required for the palatability of the cooked rice. On six types of cooked rice (fried rice, garnished “sushi, ” rice ball, pilaf, curry rice and white rice), the degree of requirement of fifteen factors (which consist of six categories such as intrinsic nature of rice, appearance, flavor, texture, temperature and dish arrangement of cooked rice) in the palatability of cooked rice was investigated by using questionnaires. The survey was conducted on 823 people well dispersed in sex and age who lived in Kanto area in 1989 and its results showed as follows.
The white rice was strongly required of the factors such as brightness, swollen look, smell and sweet taste, and then had the highest average in requirement of all factors. The ball rice was characterized by the strong requirement of the factors such as a well-known brand and a high price. The fried rice, a garnished “sushi” and pilaf were almost equally required of such factors as a dish arrangement, hardness, brightness and swollen look. The curry rice was the lowest average in requirements of all factors.
Thus, through a factor analysis, six types of cooked rice were divided into three groups as follows : (1) white rice, (2) ball rice, (3) fried rice, garnished “sushi, ” pilaf and curry rice.

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To investigate the combusting behavior of fiber assemblies such as sleeping Futon, a small heat source was tested for the simulation of real cigarette. From the comparison of combusting behavior of real cigarette and that of simulated cigarette, the heat energy of real cigarette was estimated to be 16.6 kJ. This value was corresponded to the heat of combustion of one piece of cigarette observed by the use of bomb calorimeter.
The simulated cigarette was inserted between two sheets of small Futons, heating behavior was monitored by nine pieces of thermocouple for many conditions of heating energy to the extent of three times of above mentioned value and heating time of 15, 30 and 60 min, respectively.
The results were summarized as follows :
1) The temperature at the ignited front point along horizontal direction showed its maximum value in the early stage of heating. Contrary to this, the downward direction retarded most remarkably to reach the maximum value of temperature. Such order of position at which the time required for reaching the maximum temperature remained unchanged among nine positions (3 directions and 3 positions of cigarette) under the different conditions of heating. However, longer time was requested for reaching to that temperature under prolonged heating time for every measuring point.
2) Increases in area enclosed by the temperature curve and baseline indicating time were also observed as the functions of prolonged heating time and heat energy, respectively, and were to be especially enhanced in the downward direction at the center and rear ends.
3) On the other hand, either heating time or heat energy both gave little effects on the level of maximum temperature. This suggests that once fiber assemblies are ignited, the rising level of temperature is dominantly depended on the progress of smoldering of fiber assemblies rather than to the effect of heat source itself. The temperature at each position in each direction showed. their inherent upper limit. The lowest temperature was 450°C and the highest 600°C, respectively. Accordingly, these temperatures both exceed the ignition point of cotton and much hazards are involved which may occasionally turn to flaming combustion, causing fire.

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The objectives of this study are to clarify the air flow mechanism through fabrics and also to obtain an equation describing the air permeability of fabrics.
A theoretical equation was obtained using a simple model of a fabric air flow mechanism in which the effects of both the intra-yarn and inter-yarn interstices were taken into consideration. Some parameters in the equation could be rewritten into functions using basic fabric parameters from a viewpoint of the practical application to fabric performance design. By such a simplification of the parameters, a prediction equation using fabric thickness, yarn density, yarn count, fiber density and fiber diameter was obtained. Some examples of the calculation according to he equation show how fabric parameters such as yarn density, fiber diameter, fiber type etc. influence the air permeability of fabrics. The adequacy of the equation will be verified in another paper.

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Saffron and gardenia contain useful coloring matters such as crocin to dye textile materials and food. In this study, color of saffron and gardenia on the dyed silk was investigated and evaluated by means of CIE (1976) L a b system. There were little noticeable differences between saffron and gardenia in the color exhibited on silk. The color yield for the silk increased at pH 3 in the presence of sodium L-ascorbic acid as an antioxidant.
The extracts were analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which revealed at least ten coloring components, five of which were suggested to be shared commonly by both plant materials.

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In order to investigate the relation between foot sizes and leather shoes sizes, the foot lengths and ball-joint girths of right and left feet in Japanese adults (149 males and 178 females) were measured. Their proper shoes sizes were assigned to JIS Standard from the measurement values.
The similarity between proper size and self-styled size of leather shoes in each subject was in vestigated concerned with three grades of favorite fitted feeling of the foot to shoes : “tight, ” “fit” and “loose.”
The most frequent self-styled sizes were 25.0 (cm) EEE in males and 23.0 (cm) EE in females in JIS Standard. The 38% in males and 59% in females recognized their self-styled sizes of their foot lengths, but without the recognition of their ball-joint girths.
As the grade of fitted feeling shifted from “tight” to “loose, ” the difference between proper size and self-styled size of the foot length became bigger in males, but the tendency was not clear in females.

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It is the purpose of this study to clarify the situation in middle-aged and elderly welfare recipient households of parent's and their children's housing, as well as their housing careers.
The results are as follows :
(1) Welfare recipient households have the tendency to be individual and of very low income.
(2) Many of their housings are not fixed with a bathroom and telephone in welfare recipient household, and under equipped.
(3) Housing support is lightening heavy rent load. But we can guess that they had changed to seek for more cheap rent house in the range housing support.
(4) Many of them have no child, or their children are residing outside prefecture, and they cannot live with their children.
(5) They often change their house and move the resident place, they feel housing anxiety.
(6) We grasped housing career through past family number, resident place and housing tenure. They had lived in rented houses owned privately very long time.
(7) The fact mentioned above show that it is unsteady for their housing to be single or no child, to be able to settle down and to feel housing anxiety.

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