Before World War II, the Japanese Ministry of Education had been authorized as the agency to grant approval for founding new universities in Japan; but, after the war, as the new system of universities was being established, Dr. Lulu Holmes, an adviser, from 1946 to 1948, to the Education Division of the Civil Information and Education Section under General MacArthur, created the nation-wide Japanese University Accreditation Association. The Association would establish certain qualifying standards which, when successfully met by any university, would oblige the Ministry of Education to grant it accreditation. Holmes devised this system so that any university, including women's universities, would be equitably judged and fairly accredited by the Ministry of Education. As a result and with the permission of the Ministry of Education, the new system of national Japanese universities, offering equal higher education to men and women alike, commenced in April 1949.
In 1948 in Japan, immediately after World War II, the first new universities for women and their Departments of Home Economics were created as a result of the Education Reform. This paper is one of a series concerned with the achievements of Dr. Lulu Holmes; its purpose is to elucidate and expound upon her epoch-making and historically important accomplishments which resulted in extending higher education to women in Japan. This historical analysis is based mainly on governmental documents which were opened to the public in the U.S.A., on Holmes' oral history, on Joseph Trainor's memoirs, and on personal interviews with persons affiliated with Dr. Holmes' work.

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Three water-soluble dietary fibers (SDFs : polydextrose, non-digestible dextrin, and a partially decomposed guar gum) were examined for the behavior of bound water. The monolayer water content (g/100 g of dry matter) was found to be 3-6 g by the sorption isotherm method, whereas it was 1-3 g by the pulsed NMR method. The correlation time for the bound water in SDFs was in the range 2-5×10^-9 sec. These values are 3 orders greater than that for free water, indicating that the bound water detected by the pulsed NMR method represents the monolayer sorption water in an aqueous solution, where the substrates are more motional than those in the solid state. In addition, the enthalpy change in the bound water formation from 10°C to 30°C was from-14 to-36 kJ/mol, suggesting that the formation of bound water was exothermic and associated with 1-2 hydrogen bonds/water molecule.

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The thermal effects on chicken white muscle cooked under reduced pressure were evaluated by observing the color and firmness in relation to the proton relaxation behavior.
The lightness and greenness increased with increasing temperature, while the yellowness fluctuated widely and randomly. This color behavior matched well with the change in firmness, which increased markedly after cooking at above 40°C. The uniphase to bi-phase shift of the spin-spin proton relaxation curve at around 50°C indicated marked changes in the protein structure at around 40°C and up to 50°C. This behavior was also observed after using other cooking methods.

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The structural determination of five anthocyanins extracted from the berries of Haskaap, Lonicera caerulea L., was carried out by HPLC analysis, degradation and spectroscopic experiments. The two major pigments were established as cyanidin 3-glucoside and 3, 5-diglucoside. The minor two were identified as cyanidin 3-rutinoside and 3-gentiobioside, while the remaining one has not been identified yet.

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The coefficient of static friction between a quartz optical flat and silicone rubber plate was measured in an aqueous solution of an anionic surfactant at various concentrations under a varied applied load. The coefficient of friction fell markedly with a surfactant concentration as low as 0.05, which was about the critical micelle concentration (cmc), and rose slightly at higher concentrations. Sudden break in the lubricating action of the surfactant was observed when the vertical load exceeded a particular value that was uniquely determined by the systems chosen. This breakdown pressure increased with increasing surfactant concentration up to a maximum of 10⁴ dyne/cm² at cmc, beyond which it decreased to a value of one half the maximum.

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Solutions of syndiotactic polyvinyl alcohol in a dimethylsulfoxide/water mixture were investigated by elastic and inelastic light scattering. In the initial stage of phase separation, a plot of the logarithm of scattered intensity against time formed a straight line described by Cahn as being within the framework of linearized spinodal decomposition theory. In this initial stage, an X-type pattern under H_V polarization conditions was observed. This X-type pattern indicated the existence of a rodlike texture, the optical axes being parallel or perpendicular to the rod axis. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient estimated from inelastic light scattering results decreased in the time range within which the linear plot of the logarithm of the scattered intensity against time was obtained. The appearance of an X-type pattern and the time-dependence of the diffusion coefficient indicated the progress of gelation. Accordingly, in the initial stage of phase separation of polyvinyl alcohol, spinodal decomposition and gelation occurred simultaneously.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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