Sculpture is a solid, three−dimensional form of art which is essentially identified with the material of the work. The accepted fact that the sculpture is three−dimensional does not equate to recognition of the sculpture as solid. There is a peculiar mechanism in recognizing the third dimension, which corresponds to space concept acquired on a two−dimensional plane of picture. This shows that the concept of a solid is more than the mere perception of form, and in a sense it is subjective recognition of this point. However, the concept of solidness requires the effect created by a line projected on the two−dimensional plane, which makes the technical verification of form possible. But the sense of line in a sculpture directly leads the manipulation to the material, or existent substance. This process gives the sculpture its own nature. In other words, the concept of a solid in sculpture is closely related to other factors, such as the production process and the nature of the material, which differ from the mere outer form.

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This study is to investigate an effect of the design education using 3D-CAD (Pro/DESKTOP) and 2D-Drafting (traditional drafting) and the program for development of visual point transformation ability for the junior high students through the formation experiment method of visual point transformation ability. The results of the investigation have indicated that the design education using 3D-CAD & 2D-Drafting and the program for development of visual point transformation ability are effective for the formation of the visual point transformation ability and clarifies that 3D-CAD supports the learning activity of the students enough.

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Because 3D shape-measuring machines on the market are mainly developed for measuring precise objects, they are very expensive and difficult to operate for medium-sized and small enterprises. So we developed a new type of 3D shape-measuring machine in cooperation with some companies, which is large in size, low in cost and easy to operate. In this paper, firstly, outline of the 3D shape-measuring machine is introduced. Next, coordinate equations of the measured point are derived, and format of the measured data is described. Then, information of a measured triangle (side length and angle) or of a free-form curve, least-square methods and algorithms for rendering any spatial plane, circle, cylinder and sphere are expressed with higher precision, as well as their rendering results obtained by using the software developed in this research with Visual C++ and OpenGL are illustrated. Finally, some conclusions and discussions are summarized.

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