Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610

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Volume 75, Issue 6

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages Cover1-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App1-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App2-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App3-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App3

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages i-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_i

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App4-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App4

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages A1-A7
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_A1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages Toc1-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages Toc2-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_Toc2

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Creation of Soil Amendments Containing Type A Humic Acid-Like Substances : I. Creation of Type A Humic Acid-Like Substances by Using Rice Straw and Coal Ashes

Yoshio Ikumi, Yuki Yahata, Takeshi Suzuki, Nobuhide Fujitake, Hiroo Ot ...

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 641-649
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_641

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An attempt to create a soil amendment containing Type A humic acid-like substances was done by means of thermal incubation of a mixture of rice straw (RS) and coal fly ash (CFA). The specific objectives of the study are the following: 1) To make an effective use of CFA, a by-product of coal-fired power stations, and 2) To fix carbon in the soil for a long term period as Type A humic acids which are known to be hard to decompose. Optimal incubation conditions to create Type A humic acid-like substances were examined. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the created samples were analyzed. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1) It was found that among the three temperature conditions imposed (60, 75 and 90℃), 90℃ was the most suitable for the progress of humification, and that a water supply was very necessary. 2) Since the humic acid-like substances extracted from the incubated sample showed a high degree of humification at the pH range of 3-4, the increase in the degree of humification of the humic acid-like,substances may be accelerated by maintaining a low pH condition during incubation. 3) The highest RF value was observed in the mixture with a dry weight ratio of 1:1 (CFA:RS) after 180 d incubation at 90℃ with water. The 〓logK and RF values of the humic acid-like substances extracted with the mixed solution (pH 7) of 0.1 mol L^<-1> Na_4P_2O_7 and 0.1 mol L^<-1> H_4P_2O_7 was 0.686 and 94.2 respectively, and these humic acid-like substances corresponded to Type A humic acids. 4) The yields of Type A humic acid-like substances from the incubated mixture of CFA and RS (dry weight ratio of 1:1 and 1:2) were estimated to be at least 13.6% and 14.6% of the carbon contents of the samples at the start of the incubation, respectively. 5) The contents of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the incubated sample were smaller than those reported for other soil amendments such as rice straw compost. Therefore, additional application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers would be needed in the actual scene for agronomical application of this soil amendment.

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Estimation of Trace Heavy Metals in Balances Grassland and Forage Cropping Areas of Japan : Loads from Farmyard Manure and Uptake by Grass and Forage Crops

Akinori Mori, Masayuki Hojito, Hiroshi Kondo, Hisaya Matsunami

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 651-658
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_651

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Samples of farmyard manure (FYM), grass and forage crops, as well as surface soils from grasslands and forage cropping areas were collected from throughout Japan and analyzed for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Based on these analyses and statistics on FYM production and grass and forage crop yields, the loads of trace heavy metals from FYM to grassland and forage cropping areas and the uptake of these elements by grass and forage crops were estimated. 1) The Cu concentrations were greater in the order of those in pig, poultry and cattle manure. The Zn and Cd concentrations in pig and poultry manure were higher than those in cattle manure. No difference was observed for Pb concentrations in cattle, pig and poultry manure. In addition, no difference was observed in any of the analyzed elements of beef and dairy cattle manure. 2) The Cu concentrations in grass were larger than those in maize. The Zn concentrations in grass and sorghum were greater than those in maize. The Cd concentrations in sorghum were higher than those in grass and maize. No difference was observed for Pb concentrations among grass, sorghum and maize. 3) For Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, loads from FYM to grassland and forage cropping areas were larger than their uptake by grass and forage crops, thereby suggesting that these elements have a tendency to accumulate in the soils of grassland and forage cropping areas. Attention should be paid to Cu, Zn and Cd accumulation in soils over a timescale of 10 to 100 years. 4) The frequency distributions of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in surface soils from grassland and forage cropping areas of Japan were compared with those of background levels in soils of Japan. No substantial difference was observed in the distribution of Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations. However, Zn concentrations in soils from grassland and forage cropping areas were slightly greater than the background levels of Japan.

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Dependence of Productivity and Leaf Wilting in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) on Depth of Fibrous Root Distribution in Different Soil Types

Shigeki Hayashi, Hirotake Ito, Hozumi Yoshida, Koou Yamazaki, Teruyuki ...

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 659-666
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_659

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This study evaluated the major factors that cause differences in sugar beet productivity among various soil types in Abashiri, Hokkaido. We focused considerable attention on the influence of RDI (Root Depth Index) as a measure of fibrous root system depth in different soil types on the extent of sugar beet leaf wilting and productivity on various farms. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Sugar beets grown on haplic andosol, which had low bulk density, good aeration and low soil strength ranging from topsoil to subsoil, showed the deepest root distribution (RDI=39.6 cm). In contrast, root distribution in dystric cambisol was largely restricted to shallow soil depth (RDI=21.8 cm) due to the adverse physical properties of the subsoil in particular. In umbric andosol, the depth of root distribution tended to be intermediate when compared with the other soil types (RDI=29.9 cm) due to poor aeration of the subsoil. 2) Leaf wilting due to water deficit was scarcely observed in haplic andosol, even under conditions of high evaporative demand, whereas plants in dystric cambisol tended to wilt most severely. The extent of leaf wilting in umbric andosol was moderate. More severe leaf wilting occurred in soil types that also showed shallow distribution of fibrous roots. 3) Sugar beet yields tended to be in order of the following soil types: haplic andosol, umbric andosol and dystric cambisol. Sugar beet yields were positively correlated with RDI (r=0.634; p<0.001). In conclusion, one of the major factors causing differences in sugar beet productivity as well as in leaf wilting among the three soil types can be attributed to differences in the depth of fibrous root distribution, which in turn varies with physical properties of the soil.

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Application of Enriched ^<113>Cd-Tracer to the Soil Pot Experiment of Soybean Plant

Akira Kawasaki, Hisao Oda, Munetaka Yamada

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 667-672
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_667

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A stable isotope tracer technique was applied to the soil pot experiment in order to establish the tracer technique for soil pot experiment and to elucidate cadmium (Cd) uptake by soybean (Glycine max var. Enrei) and further translocation into its grain. The enriched ^<113>Cd (94.8%) was used as a tracer, and the optimum application rate of ^<113>Cd-tracer for pot experiment was determined. The most critical stages of soybean in which Cd absorbed via roots was transferred into the seeds were also examined using the ^<113>Cd-tracer technique. The application rate of ^<113>Cd-tracer to each pot (1/5000 a) was 0.2 or 1 mg. The ^<113>Cd-tracer was detected from soybean seeds in almost all plots, and its concentrations in the 0.2 mg of ^<113>Cd application plot and 1 mg application plot were <0.01 to 0.04 mg kg^<-1> and 0.01 to 0.10 mg kg^<-1>, respectively. There was no effect on soybean yield or soil pH even when 1 mg of the acid ^<113>Cd-tracer solution was applied. These results indicate that 0.2 mg of ^<113>Cd-tracer application is enough to detect it from soybean seeds and results in no adverse effect on soybean growth. A remarkable feature of ^<113>Cd-tracer technique is its high usability because a stable isotope tracer does not have as strict requirements for control and restriction of half-life as does a radioisotope tracer. This technique also carries the advantage that not only the ^<113>Cd-tracer but also the soil indigenous Cd in soybean plants can be determined simultaneously. A total of 4 ^<113>Cd applications was made at different growth stages of soybean. The ^<113>Cd-tracer concentration in seeds significantly decreased after the 3rd injection (R5, beginning seed stage). This result suggests that Cd absorbed before the R 5 stage causes an increase of Cd concentration in seeds.

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Inactivation of Pepper mild mottle virus in Soil Amended with Cellulose

Norikuni Oka, Takehiro Ohki, Yohachiro Honda, Hideki Matsumoto, Takash ...

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 673-677
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_673

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PMMoV-infected roots of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were mixed with soils at the rate of 5 mg g^<-1>, and several kinds of organic materials were additionally applied at 20 mg g^<-1> to investigate the inactivation of the virus in the soils. The soils were incubated at 25℃ for 8 weeks before the soil samples were shaken with phosphate buffer. The extracts were rubbed over the leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa plants. The results showed significantly lower density of infective PMMoV (-0.55 to -0.99 log unit) in the soil mixed with cellulose powder. Three experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the cellulose effect. Addition of cycloheximide or chloramphenicol reduced the cellulose effect, indicating involvement of soil microorganisms in the inactivation of PMMoV. Degradation of roots and inactivation of free PMMoV in the soil were not promoted by the cellulose amendment. From these results, it is possible that the increased inactivation of PMMoV happened in the infected roots and can be attributed to the action of soil microorganisms induced by the cellulose amendment.

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Uptake of Amino Acids by Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis L.) under Solution Culture Condition

Akio Morita, Tatsuaki Tanaka, Masako Harano, Hiromi Yokota

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 679-684
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_679

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To estimate the uptake of amino acid by tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.), tea plants were cultivated in the nutrient solutions (1 L plant^<-1>), which contained ^<15>N- and ^<13>C-labelled amino acids (called AA treatment) or ^<15>N-labelled ammonium sulfate (called AS treatment) as a sole N source. ^<15>N- and ^<13>C-labelled amino acids in AA treatment were prepared by the mixture of ^<15>N- and ^<13>C-labelled glutamate, glycine, alanine, lysine and aspartate. In AA treatment, N absorption increased immediately in the roots after the treatment, and in the new shoots, leaves and stems after one day of treatment. During two days of the treatment, the amount of N absorbed in AA treatment was around half of applied N, and was higher than that in AS treatment. Especially in new shoots, N absorption of AA treatment was above ten-fold higher than that of AS treatment. These results implied that amino acids could be used as an N source by tea plants and might be used as a fertilizer. The amount of C derived from amino acids in tea plant was only one-tenth of applied C and detected only in the roots. Moreover, when N/C ratios of treatment solutions were compared with those of tea plants in AA treatment, the N/C ratio of the solution at the start of treatment (0.374) was similar to that of tea plant at one day after treatment (0.386). The above results suggested that amino acids were absorbed by tea plants without changing their forms and then N derived from amino acids was immediately translocated from roots to shoots, although C absorbed was utilized as a substance for respiration in roots and subsequently was released into the rhizosphere as CO_2.

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Establishment of a Method Enabling Continuous Liquid-Introduction into Apoplast of Soybean-Plantlet Leaf, and Its Application to Elucidating Supernodulating-Trait of NOD1-3

Hiroko Yamaya, Yasuhiro Arima

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 685-691
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_685

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Some putative key-substances translocated from leaves to roots were suggested to be involved in the supernodulation trait of NOD1-3, a mutant of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cv. Williams. To search such key-substances, it is necessary to establish a bioassay-system which enables us to introduce substances continuously into leaves and to assess their effects on root nodulation. As a bio-assay system,.plantlets of 7-10 day-old cuttings were prepared using the first trifoliolate of soybean cv. Williams82 and NOD1-3, and applied to assess the effects of continuous introduction of 438 mM sucrose and 167 mM ^<15>N-labeled urea solutions on the formation of root-nodule meristem. The solutions were introduced into apoplast of vascular bundle of the plantlet leaf by self-suction via cut-surface of petiolule of the central foliolate. Root nodule meristems were microscopically inspected at the 5th day after rhizobium inoculation, which had been done after initiation of the continuous introduction. Urea introduction significantly repressed both emergence and development of root nodule meristem, especially in NOD1-3 plantlet. ^<15>N-analyses revealed that a significant amount of nitrogen originating from introduced urea was translocated to roots at the fifth day after initiation of ^<15>N-feeding. Sucrose introduction enhanced both emergence and development of root nodule meristem, irrespective-of the genotype or light condition. Conspicuous difference in root nodule formation between plantlets of NOD1-3 and Williams82 did never disappear under any conditions of exhaustion, normal or plentiful phtosynthate supply to plantlet roots. In our study, the liquids were successfully introduced into plantlets continuously for 5-7 days and some substances introduced into foliolates were expected to be translocatable to root. It was concluded that our bioassay system is applicable to searching for key substances involved in supernodulation phenomenon.

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Accumulation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Spinach and Komatsu-na (Brassica spp.) Sold at Local Markets

Kumiko Ochiai, Yoshiko Iwata, Toru Matoh

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 693-695
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_693

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The Reduction by the Activated Carbon of the Allelopathy of Mucuna pruriens in Improved Plant Box Method

Hiroyuki Maki, Kazuhiko Watanabe, Yoshiharu Fujii

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 697-700
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_697

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Heavy Metals around Mottles

Kazuki Togami, Makoto Nakai, Hiroshi Obara

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 701-705
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_701

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Effect of Steam Treatment of Clubbed Roots on Pathogenicity of Plasmodiophora brassicae

Hiroharu Murakami, Seiya Tsushima, Mitsuhiko Katahira, Takayuki Akimot ...

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 707-710
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_707

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Quantity of Fertilizer Application for Timothy (Phleum pratence L.)-White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Mixed Grazing Pasture

Osamu Sakai, Masayuki Hojito, Naomichi Miki, Toshiya Saigusa

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 711-714
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_711

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5. Solubilization of Sparingly Soluble Nutrients in a Soil by Chelating Ability on Root Surface(Apoplast and Plant Nutrition : About Mineral Nutrients.)

Noriharu Ae, Noriko Kikkouji

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 715-721
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_715

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1. The Recent Study of Soil Classification(Soil Classification System in the World and Application to Agriculture and Forestry.)

Makoto Nakai

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 723-727
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_723

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2. Soil Taxonomy 2nd Edition : Outline and Characteristics(Soil Classification System in the World and Application to Agriculture and Forestry.)

Toyoaki Ito

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 729-736
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_729

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Metabolism and Translocation in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza : Approaching the Symbiotic System Established 400 Million Years Ago

Tatsuhiro Ezawa, Katsuharu Saito, Toshihiro Aono

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 737-746
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_737

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Research Outcomes 2003 in National and Prefectural Agricultural Research Stations

Hiroharu Murakami

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 747-752
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_747

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Agriculture, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition in Mie Prefecture : Food Security and Safety in Mie Improved Jointly

Norio Yasuda

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 753-754
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_753

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Research Results on Soil Management in Tochigi Prefecture Understanding Andisols and It's Contribution to Productivity

Kunihiko Kamewada

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 755-756
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_755

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Circumstances of Argument on the International Foods Standard for Cadmium

Shin-ichi Ono

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 757-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_757

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Report on the XII International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants

Satoshi Mori, Naoko Nishizawa

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 758-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_758

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6th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interaction at Low pH

Tadashi Takahashi

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 759-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_759

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International Congress Rhizosphere 2004

Yusuke Unno

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 760-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_760

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 761-766
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_761

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 767-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_767

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 768-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_768

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 769-
Published: December 05, 2004
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_769

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 774-
Published: December 05, 2004
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_774

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1-5
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages B1-B5
Published: December 05, 2004
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_B1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages C1-C4
Published: December 05, 2004
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_C1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App5-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App5

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App6-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App6

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App7-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App7

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages App8-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_App8

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages Cover2-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages Cover3-
Published: December 05, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.75.6_Cover3

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