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Volume 77, Issue 1
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Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages App1-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages App2-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages A1-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages App3-
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Article type: Index
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages Toc1-
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Article type: Index
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages Toc2-
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M. OkazakiArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages i-
Published: February 05, 2006
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Eiichi Takasu, Humiei Yamada, Nagao Shimada, Yoshiaki Yoshida, Masahik ...Article type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApplication of phosphogypsum (PG) and limestone to Andisol were compared in terms of their effects on the growth and uptake of Ca in Komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. cv. Natsurakuten). The studies were carried out in soil pot cultures, and both PG and limestone were applied to the Andisol at the rates of 0, 0.30, 0.75, 1.50g kg^<-1> in the form of CaO. 1) Limestone application resulted in an increase in the soil pH. On the other hand, no change was observed in the case of PG application at pH 6.1±0.1 regardless of the application rate. Both soil EC and water-soluble Ca increased in proportion to the PG application rate, and this increase was approximately 5 times greater than that observed when limestone was applied at 1.50g kg^<-1>. The w-Ca/ex-Ca ratio (water-soluble Ca : 1M acetic acid-extractable Ca) was clearly increased from 0.12 up to 0.26 in PG, while the value was slightly decreased from 0.12 to 0.05 in limestone. 2) After 33 days cultivation, both top and root growth of Komatsuna were enhanced by PG application. Specifically, when PG was applied at the rates of 0.30, 0.75, and 1.50g kg^<-1> the root fresh weight increased by 31, 14, and 6%, respectively, in comparison with limestone. The root development of Komatsuna was closely related to Ca uptake. Ca uptake by Komatsuna was closely correlated to water-soluble Ca in comparison with 1 M acetic acid-extractable Ca in the soil. In particular, Ca uptake was restricted under the low-water soluble Ca conditions (< 2.0 mmol_c kg^<-1>). Therefore, it was concluded that water-soluble Ca in the soil was useful as an index of plant-available Ca.View full abstractDownload PDF (1325K) -
Masako Takebe, Keiki Okazaki, Keita Kagishita, Toshihiko KarasawaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 9-16
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNitrate is a major form of uptake and storage of nitrogen for upland plants. However, nitrate is harmful to human health ; ingestion of a large quantity can lead to cancer or methemoglobinemia. The effectiveness of drip fertigation for reducing nitrate in spinach was investigated in this study. Fertilizer application can be controlled effectively by drip fertigation. Field experiments were conducted in September 2002 and June 2003 at the National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region. Two spinach cultivars were grown in each cultivation in a plastic greenhouse, and the plants were treated with 4, 8 or 12 g N m^<-2> of fertilizer applied by drip fertigation, and with 8, 12 or 16 g N m^<-2> of fertilizer applied as basal application. The nitrogen was applied at the rate of 0.15 g m^<-2> per day for the first 15 days, and 0.25 g m^<-2> for the following 23 days in 8 g N m^<-2> treatment of drip fertigation. The rate of growth and nitrogen absorption of spinach in the early growth stages was very slow, but they increased quickly from around day 23 after sowing. The amount of nitrogen absorbed by spinach was close to the amount applied in 8 g N m^<-2> treatment. This treatment resulted in spinach with a low nitrate concentration without reduction in yield. Although the same results were obtained by treatment with 8 g N m^<-2> of fertilizer by basal application, there was a tendency for nitrate concentration to fall further with drip fertigation. The rate of nitrate-nitrogen to total-nitrogen rose sharply when the total-nitrogen concentration was higher than 42 g kg^<-1> DW in leaf blade and 18 g kg^<-1> DW in leaf petiole. The total-nitrogen concentration was lowered a little and for that reason the rate of nitrate-nitrogen to total-nitrogen was lower in spinach treated with 8 g N m^<-2> of drip fertigation than in spinach treated with 8 g N m^<-2> of basal application. Thus, drip fertigation was considered to reduce nitrate more stably.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
Takehiko Matsumoto, Seiji TouArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 17-24
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA trial calculation was performed of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity and the amount of nitrogen input based on various statistical data, which were compiled from each city, town and village in Hokkaido prefecture. The relationship between the excess quantity of nitrogen, after nitrogen input, and the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity and the nitrate-nitrogen concentration of the groundwater was considered. Environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity =nitrogen output by the crops+acceptable level of residual nitrate in the soil profile. It is calculated by the amount of nitrate (precipitation-evapotranspiration)×10 (mg L^<-1>). 1) The average value of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity in Hokkaido Prefecture was observed to be 183 kg ha^<-1>. The maximum and minimum values of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity were 308 kg ha^<-1> and 94 kg ha^<-1>, respectively. When the average value of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity with respect to main agricultural land use was compared across municipalities, it was largely in the following order : grassland (218kg ha^<-1>), upland (169kg ha^<-1>), and paddy land (157kg ha^<-1>). 2) The average value of the amount of nitrogen input in Hokkaido Prefecture was 185kg ha^<-1>. This value was largely in the following order : grassland (212kg ha^<-1>), upland (186kg ha^<-1>), and paddy land (151kg ha^<-1>). 3) The average value of the excess quantity of nitrogen, i.e., the difference between the nitrogen input and the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity, in Hokkaido Prefecture was 2 kg ha^<-1>. This value was largely in the following order : upland (18kg ha^<-1>), paddy land (-6kg ha^<-1>), and grassland (-6kg ha^<-1>). 4) The average value of the nitrate-nitrogen concentration investigated in groundwater was 4.0mg L^<-1> at a depth of 20 m or less. This value was largely in the following order : upland (6.5mg L^<-1>), grassland (2.5mg L^<-1>), and paddy land (2.4mg L^<-1>). 5) Significant positive correlation was obtained between the difference between the nitrogen input and the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity and nitrate-nitrogen concentration of groundwater. A case where the nitrate-nitrogen concentration of groundwater exceeded the environmental standards of water quality (10mg L^<-1>) was in one part of encountered municipality in Hokkaido Prefecture ; in such a case, the nitrogen input exceeds the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity. 6) Based on these results, it was concluded that the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity is an effective guideline for nitrogen input in agricultural lands and helps in the prevention of nitrate pollution in groundwater derived from agricultural land.View full abstractDownload PDF (1266K) -
Keiki Okazaki, Masako Takebe, Toshihiko KarasawaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effectiveness of drip fertigation, which is known to control fertilizer application, for reducing nitrate in spinach and for improving the other qualities of spinach was investigated. Fertilizer application can be controlled effectively by drip fertigation. In 2002 and 2003, two spinach cultivars were grown in a plastic greenhouse with 4, 8 or 12gN m^<-2> of fertilizer application by drip fertigation, and with 8, 12 or 16gN m^<-2> of fertilizer application as a basal application. Nitrate concentration of petiole sap extracted by a garlic squeezer was significantly correlated with the water-extractable nitrate concentration. Nitrate concentrations of petiole sap extracted from plants treated with 12, 8 and 4gN m^<-2> of fertilizer by drip fertigation were constant, gradually decreased and significantly decreased, respectively, during the last 2 weeks. When nitrate concentration decreased during the last week, nitrate concentration in spinach at harvest was less than 3,000 mg kg^<-1> FW. Thus it was thought that the pattern of the time course of nitrate in petiole xylem sap is a good indicator for getting spinach with low nitrate. The sugar concentration was negatively correlated with applied nitrogen quantity and the nitrate concentration. The total oxalic acid concentration in spinach treated by drip fertigation was significantly lower than that in spinach treated by basal application, independent of the amount of applied nitrogen. Thus drip fertigation is advantageous for improving crop quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K) -
Satoshi Asaoka, Motomu AonoArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to investigate utilization of Akadama soil and evaluate its ion removal efficiency for seawater desalination. The chemical composition of the Akadama soil was Al_2O_3 0.334kg kg^<-1>, SiO_2 0.470kg kg^<-1>, Fe_2O_3 15.7kg kg^<-1> by weight. X-ray powder diffraction pattern, electron diffraction pattern and IR spectrum of Akadama soil showed that allophane was the main phase and low crystallinity kaolin was generated from the allophane. The column method was carried out to evaluate seawater desalination efficiency, the best mixture ratio of the Akadama soil (particle size was less than 250μm), aluminum silicate adsorbent, aluminium magnesium adsorbent, and magnesium oxide adsorbent was 3:1:1:1. Removal percentages of Na^+, Mg^<2+>, Ca^<2+>, K^+ and Cl^- from artificial seawater were 87.7, 84.4, 91.1, 97.3 and 90.7%, respectively. In the batch method, where the mixed adsorbent was used for removal of heavy metals from 20mg L^<-1> solution, the removal percentages of Cu^<2+>, Ni^<2+>, Mn^<2+>, Zn^<2+>, Cd^<2+> and Pb^<2+> were higher than 98%. The removal percentage of PO_4, from river water was 100%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1213K) -
Hironori Heinai, Masahiko SaigusaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSilicon availability in 36 commercial nursery bed soils was evaluated by four methods the phosphate buffer (pH 6.2, 40mmol L^<-1>), incubation, supernatant and acetate buffer (pH4.0, 1mol L^<-1>) methods. The influence of silicon availability in the nursery bed soils on the silicon uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore) seedlings and the effect of silicon fertilizer application were examined in a glass house in 2002. The results revealed that the best correlation between silicon content in rice seedlings and available silicon in soils was obtained with the phosphate buffer-solution method (r=0.86). More precise evaluation of available silicon was achieved by grouping soils based on these phosphate absorption coefficients (PAC). The correlation coefficients between silicon content in rice seedlings and available silicon in soils were 0.92 and 0.72 for volcanic soils (PAC>1500) and non volcanic soils (PAC<1500), respectively. We concluded that the phosphate buffer method is the most easily adjusted method for estimation of silicon availability in nursery bed soils, and silicon fertilizers should be applied when silicon availability in non-volcanic nursery bed soils goes below 200mg kg^<-1>, whereas the level is less than 350mg kg^<-1> in volcanic soils.View full abstractDownload PDF (760K) -
Masayuki Hojito, Hisaya Matsunami, Kentaro Hayashi, Kentaro Murano, Ak ...Article type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 47-52
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wet deposition of nitrogen compounds in the intensive dairy farming area and its environs in the northern part of the Kanto region in central Japan was investigated from April 2003 to April 2005. Open-bulk samplers were used to collect open-bulk precipitation, which approximates the sum of wet and dry deposition. Furthermore, wet-only samplers were applied to collect the precipitation for every 1 mm in a rainfall, termed the "wet sample." The concentrations of total nitrogen and ammonium ions in the open-bulk precipitation were high in the central part of the dairy farming area and low in the remote mountainous area more than 15 km away ; the concentrations were generally high during winter and spring, and low during summer and autumn. There was a large difference in the annual deposition of nitrogen between the farming area and the surrounding area. The annual deposition of nitrogen in the farming area was significantly high compared to the values of existing data in Japan and Europe. The concentrations of respective nitrogen compounds in the wet sample, which accounted for 40% of the total rainfalls events, were notably high at the beginning of precipitation and rapidly decreased by 8 mm of continuous precipitation. The nitrogen concentrations at the beginning of precipitation were high in the farming area, and relatively low in the surrounding area. It was thought that the cause of the large wet deposition in the farming area was due to ammonia emissions, mainly from cattle manure produced at dairy farms. The factors of the seasonal changes were considered to be the frequency and the amount of precipitation, and the change in ammonia emissions from manure management performed by dairy farmers.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Masayuki Hojito, Kentaro Hayashi, Kentaro Murano, Akinori MoriArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 53-57
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAtmospheric concentrations of ammonia were monitored for one year in an intensive dairy farming area and its environs in the Kanto region in central Japan. Passive samplers were used to collect gaseous ammonia in the atmosphere. A clear difference in concentrations was observed ; they were high in the central farming area (3.2-36.2μg Nm^<-3>) and low in its surrounding area (0.2-0.4μg Nm^<-3>). Seasonal changes in concentrations were also witnessed ; concentration reached a peak in April and May. A negative correlation was found between the annual mean of ammonia concentrations and the distance from the manure facilities of dairy farmers. Ammonia volatilization from manure was considered to be the primary factor that controlled the atmospheric concentrations of ammonia within 1 km of the manure facilities. The annual mean concentrations of ammonia positively correlated with the nitrogen concentrations in open-bulk precipitation. It was, therefore, suggested that ammonia emissions from dairy farming affected the wet deposition of nitrogen. On the other hand, both seasonal changes in precipitation and manure management performed by dairy farmers were considered to be the primary factors that induced seasonal changes in atmospheric ammonia concentrations.View full abstractDownload PDF (678K) -
Katsuhisa Niwa, Jun Yokobori, Kiyoshi Ohbuchi, Koji KikuchiArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 59-66
Published: February 05, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to understand the detailed soil distribution of a terrace with a diluvial deposit, the method to draw a large-scale soil map was studied in Urausu Town of Sorachi district by combinig soil survey and digital elevation data for a 10 m grid. The results are summarized as follows : 1) From a soil survey, soils in the research area were classified into 3 soil series groups according to "Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan, Third Approximation," which were "Skeletal Terrace Brown Forest Soils," "Fine-textured Aquic Brown Forest Soils" and "Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils". In addition, "Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils" were classified into 2 categories based on the abundance of gravel in the subsoil. 2) A slope map in the research area was made with digital elevation data for a 10m grid. From the relationship between soil types and slope, it was clear that "Skeletal Terrace Brown Forest Soils" were distributed in the areas with more than 4 deg slope. "Fine-textured Aquic Brown Forest Soils" were distributed in the areas whose slope was 2 to 4 deg. On the other hand, without regard to abundance of gravel, "Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils" were distributed in the areas with less than 2 deg slope. 3) Precise soil distribution of each soil series group was drawn based on the above relation and the slope map. The obtained map reflected exactly the precise soil distribution for each soil series group, except for the areas of topographical modification. 4) The abundance of gravel in subsoil of "Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils" increased in the terrace whose slope was mainly middle or high. From the above results, to draw a large-scale soil map based on precise soil classification in a Diluvial soil area using digital elevation data for a 10m grid, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of topography for each target terrace.View full abstractDownload PDF (1430K) -
Kanako Kusa, Mihoko Moriizumi, Kazunari TsuchiyaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 67-71
Published: February 05, 2006
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Hidetoshi Hidaka, Tatsuya Tanaka, Hiromasa MorikuniArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 73-76
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Noboru Muramatsu, Kiyoshi Hiraoka, Fumitaka TakishitaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 77-81
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Shin-ichiro Mishima, Akira Kawasaki, Mitsuo KomadaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 83-86
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Yukinobu Sato, Eisuke Adachi, Masanori Nakanishi, Kenji Saito, Takayuk ...Article type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 87-91
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Masahiro KasuyaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 93-95
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Keijiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki ShigaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 97-100
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Junpei Takano, Michiko TakahashiArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 101-108
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Jun Furukawa, Jian Feng MaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 109-114
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Takeshi FujiiArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 115-118
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Yuji Maejima, Akira KawasakiArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 119-124
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Toshiya SaigusaArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 125-126
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Norio SatoArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 127-128
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Yasunaga IwasakiArticle type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 129-
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Article type: Bibliography
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 130-134
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 135-136
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 137-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 138-144
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages ii-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages App4-
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2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages App5-
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2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages App6-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages App7-
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Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
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