While the economic development of the Northern Territories under the Putin administration has occasionally been reported in Japanese media, it has rarely been examined as an object of academic inquiry. However, clarifying when President Putin initiated development in the Northern Territories and how it has been implemented is a key element in understanding his approach to the territorial issue. This paper focuses on the economic development carried out under the Putin administration, aiming to clarify the timing of key policy decisions and the content of development measures that have continued to the present. In doing so, it aims to contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of Japan’s diplomacy toward Russia since 2000.

In the past, Indonesia has continued to develop electricity with an emphasis on coal and oil. As the world continues to warm, Indonesia has also been forced to develop an environmentally friendly electric power business. By examining the current state of the electric power business, we can learn that Indonesia has been trying to improve various power businesses. Indonesia is striving to enhance solar power generation, but at the same time, it is necessary to enhance hydroelectric power generation, especially micro-hydroelectric power generation.

Indonesia's power business is growing rapidly, as is the development of Indonesian industry. However, Indonesia's electric power industry is centered on low-quality coal, which has led to various environmental problems. The Asian Development Bank and other developed countries are cooperating on the future of Indonesia's electric power business, including on environmental issues, but there are many uncertainties. This study explores ways to solve these problems.

To create norms in the infosphere, collaboration among diverse actors from different sectors is necessary; in particular, Internet governance is led by the private sector. The development of information and communications technology and the rapid spread of the Internet have enabled direct and easy interactions between individuals across borders in digital space. I propose the concept of "subjects of collaboration," which is broader than the concept of "subjects of law" in international law. The UN Global Digital Compact is indeed a global norm that promotes equality among nations and people in the global community, human rights for all, and international and domestic peace and security. The norms and guidelines contained therein are comprehensive and mutually reinforcing. This global compact unifies stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, civil society, and international and regional organizations, in working toward realizing the commitments.

Abstract "Education incorporating the perspective of special needs education" is an expansion of the approaches used in special needs education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the meaning and content of this expansion and to extract critical perspectives necessary for promoting inclusive education. As a result of this examination, it was found that there are commonalities between inclusive education and "education incorporating the perspective of special needs education." If education is implemented based on these commonalities, it will inevitably involve a transformation of "regular education." Having a perspective that seeks to reform regular education will lead to the promotion of inclusive education. The key to this lies in the learning and practice of "education incorporating the perspective of special needs education."

In 2022, as Japan continues to experience rapid aging, approximately one in every 3.6 elderly individuals is either living with dementia or considered to be at risk. In response to this, initiatives such as the "Dementia Supporter" program have been launched to promote community-based dementia care. At University A's Department of Nursing, students attend the Dementia Supporter Training Course to deepen their understanding of the elderly and contribute to the local community. This study examined the learning outcomes of students who participated in the course. The findings revealed that the students achieved four out of the five expectations outlined by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for dementia supporters. Furthermore, even among students who gave different responses in the survey, common areas of learning were identified, as well as insights gained from unique individual perspectives.