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Volume 52 (2012 - 201･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 79-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 52, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Chiaki Asai2013 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 79-90
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the hypothesis that self-initiated job improvement is determined by two work attitudes, i.e., affective organizational commitment and orientation to career development, in addition to five work environments, i.e., leader's empowerment, controlling leadership, organizational empowerment, support for career development, and performance-based appraisal. A structural model was developed on the basis of this hypothesis and tested by covariance structure analysis using data obtained from 372 employees of five companies. The results indicate that self-initiated job improvement is positively correlated with orientation to career development, and leader's empowerment, and negatively correlated with performance-based appraisal. Organizational empowerment and affective organizational commitment were found to have indirect effects on self-initiated job improvement through orientation to career development. Validity and issues of the study were also discussed.
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Ayumi Kanbara, Yumi Endo2013 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 91-103
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined whether the degree of estimated consensus affects restoring positive self-views under threat. We had participants write a counter-attitudinal essay about an imagined policy to stimulate a feeling of self-threat. They were asked to estimate the consensus about their judgment. Their attitudes toward the policy were measured pre/post-experiment, and the amount of attitude change was the dependent variable. Previous studies have suggested that people change their attitudes as a defensive response, but those who restore their positive self-views show little attitude change in the presence of dissonance. Given these results, it was hypothesized that if high estimated consensus restores positive self-views, people who estimate a high degree of consensus would show significantly less attitude change compared to those low in consensus. In addition, we predicted that according to the findings about self-protective strategies, estimated consensus which protect self-views would differ depending on self-esteem (SE), and this hypothesis was supported. Although the relationship between consensus and self-threats differ depending on the level of SE, these results suggest that a high consensus estimate restores positive self-views against self-threats.
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Ryo Hayase, Kiriko Sakata, Hiroshi Kohguchi2013 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 104-115
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGiven that a competent medical institution will offer high quality medical service, we examined how cooperative teamwork between medical professions affects patients' and nurses' evaluations about the quality of medical care, and patient satisfaction. Outpatients (n=290), inpatients (n=205), and nurses (n=108) participated in the questionnaire survey. The results indicated the following. First, outpatient satisfaction was positively related to favorable evaluations of the treatment provided by doctors. Second, there was a positive relationship between inpatient satisfaction and favorable evaluations of nurses, as well as of the coordination between medical professions. Third, self-evaluation of nurses on cooperation with other professions had a positive effect on patient evaluation about this cooperation, which in turn increased inpatient satisfaction. These findings suggest that cooperation between nurses and other medicals professions improves patient satisfaction and results in high quality medical service.
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Short Articles
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Ayumi Kanbara, Yumi Endo2013 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 116-124
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article investigated the effects of perceived consensus on attitude change under forced compliance, testing the assumption that high perceived consensus maintains positive self-view against self-threat. While it is known that those who experience cognitive dissonance change their attitudes, those who can restore their positive self-view (e.g. through self-affirmation, self-evaluation maintenance strategies) show less attitude change. Given these findings, we recognized the degree of attitude change as an indicator of whether one restores his/her positive self-view or not. Participants were asked to write a counter-attitudinal essay. Afterward, their perceived attitude consensus was manipulated by providing them (or not) with information inducing consensus. Pre/post measurements of their attitudes were taken before and after the experiment. Those who were provided high consensus information showed significantly less attitude change, and this effect was pronounced when the information was related to dissonance than unrelated. These results imply that high perceived consensus functions to maintain positive self-view against self-threat, although these effects differed by the relevance of the information to the threats.
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Chizuko Noro2013 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 125-136
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study focused on the changes in the activity of public health nurses, while they are affected by transitions in local government, due to small municipal governments becoming merged with larger ones. An interview survey obtained data that was analyzed through activity theory. Results indicated the following. First, before the merger, the activities of the public health nurses were distinguished into categories of "activity within the central city" (which was specified by law), and "activity within surrounding areas" (which they visit local community and provide services). Second, during municipal mergers, policies toward providing services equally to all areas were laid out, but this posed a double bind with existing policies. Third, after the merger, there was a period of confusion arising from the induction of new policies, while nurses explored ways to escape the double bind while providing services to the citizens, and consequently, they realized the need for a new vision of community service based on their professional capacities. These results suggest that such an environmental transition induces an extensive learning process leading to creative activity planning which takes into account the capacities of public health nurses, who must deal flexibly with organizational, and demographic constituency expansion.
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Kazuhiko Nakamura2013 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 137-151
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study examined the effects of experiential learning using the laboratory method (=ELLM) on interpersonal tendencies and social skills of university students, using a pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent control group. College freshmen who were assigned to the ELLM class were the training group, while those who did not were the control group. All participants were asked to respond to scales measuring interpersonal tendencies, and social skills before ELLM classes started, and again 3 months later after the semester was over. The training group were also asked to respond to a scale tapping learning abilities from experience based on the EIAHE' (Experience-Identify-Analyze-Hypothesize-next Experience) model. The results indicated that ELLM was effective in promoting "motivation for self-awareness". In the training group, participants characterized by "high learning abilities from experience" showed significant increase in their social skills scores, especially for "problem-solving skills" and "communication skills".
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