Abstract
This study examined whether the degree of estimated consensus affects restoring positive self-views under threat. We had participants write a counter-attitudinal essay about an imagined policy to stimulate a feeling of self-threat. They were asked to estimate the consensus about their judgment. Their attitudes toward the policy were measured pre/post-experiment, and the amount of attitude change was the dependent variable. Previous studies have suggested that people change their attitudes as a defensive response, but those who restore their positive self-views show little attitude change in the presence of dissonance. Given these results, it was hypothesized that if high estimated consensus restores positive self-views, people who estimate a high degree of consensus would show significantly less attitude change compared to those low in consensus. In addition, we predicted that according to the findings about self-protective strategies, estimated consensus which protect self-views would differ depending on self-esteem (SE), and this hypothesis was supported. Although the relationship between consensus and self-threats differ depending on the level of SE, these results suggest that a high consensus estimate restores positive self-views against self-threats.