Reviewed biosynthehic pathways in green leaves of vitamin B_1,B_2 and folic acid as disclosed by the author, and the regulatory systems operating on their biosynthesis and biodegradation as revealed since a potent inhibitory activity of ATP was found for the phosphatase reactions in 1965. Physiological roles of vitamin C in plant were evinced by its higher content in green and flower leaves; the content in persimmon leaves for example was found ten or more times of that in citrus fruits. A close relationship existing between basic and development researches was illustrated by examples chosen from the author's researches. Examples cited were as follows; basic researches on vitamins were extended to the creation of thiamine enriched rice, to the growth promotion of rice plant by foliar application of thiamine, and to the use of ascorbic acid to prevent the appearance of beer cloudness; histological and biochemical studies on protein bodies in rice endosperm turned out amino acid enriched rice; techniques acquired in the studies on catalase were successfully employed for the utilization of single cell protein (MIPRON) for human food; conception of hybernation was lead up to under-water or under-ground storage of cereal grains. (Received Jan. 16,1971)

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It was previously observed^2) that the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 was inhibited in the early stage and stimulated in the later stage of incubation by the definite concentration of OMP^*1) in the medium containing DL-alanine. The mechanism of this phenomenon was investigated in the present paper. While consumption of free DL-alanine and other amino acids such as leucine, glycine etc in the medium during the incubation was approximately proportional to the bacterial growth, that of some free amino acides such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid etc and production of ammonia were inversely proportional to the OMP concentration. OMP in the medium was not modified to any substance with vitamin B_6 activity, and it was incorporated in the cells during the growth. When the bacteria grown in the presence of OMP were transferred to fresh medium containing OMP and DL-alanine, the similar growth inhibition and stimulation in early and later stage of the incubation respectively were still observed. Incorporation of PAL^2) into the resting cells was inhibited by OMP, but the inhibition was less observed with cells harvested from the culture containing OMP than with the cells harvested from that without OMP. According to these observations, it would be suggested that OMP inhibits the DL-alanine synthesis, but may not inhibit some other vitamin B_6 enzymes in Leuconostoc mesenteroides. (Received Jan. 12,1971)

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A new enzymatic method for determination of pyridoxal phosphate was studied by using the induced tyrosine transaminase of liver of rats administered with hydrocortisone. The enzyme preparation was obtained from rat liver homogenate with dialysis and heat treatment which rendered it to respond only to pyridoxal phosphate, but neither to pyridoxine phosphate nor to pyridoxamine phosphate. Possible range of determination in the samples was from 10 to 100mμg using the standard curve of authentic pyridoxal phosphate. The enzyme solution can be used for the assay for 2 months, if kept below-20℃. At least 60 estimations of the samples can be performed by the enzyme solution obtained from one rat liver. (Received Jan. 13,1971)

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It was already reported that the hepatic tyrosine transaminase (TTA) activity(L-tyrosine 2-oxaloglutarate aminotransferase E.C.2.6.1.5) in tumorbearing animals is incresed about 2-fold above the normal level. When mice were employed as experimental animals, TTA activity is much more strongly induced by hydrocortisone than that of rats, while not by tryptophan. Therefore the transplanatation effect of Ehrlich's ascites tumor and Sarcoma 180 on the TTA induction was observed in mice. The hepatic TTA activity gradually rised from the 6th day after intraperitoneal inoculation of these tumor cells in contrast with the decrease of contents of hepatic vitamin B_6 or pyridoxal phosphate. The rise finally attained the 8-fold increase above the basal level on the 11th day while the rise of aspartate transaminase activity was shown to be only 2-fold high and no rise of alanine transaminase was shown. Although the increase of TTA activity was observed throughout tumor growth, the maximal activity of the enzyme was observed when the decrease of numbers of tumor cells(cell destruction)appeared. The supernatant of ascites by centrifugation caused an appreciable increase of hepatic TTA activity 4 hours after intrapritoneal injection into normal rats, while no increase in the adrenalectomized rats. It was found that some of the factors in ascites for elevation of TTA activity were thermostable and nondializable. (Received Jan. 13,1971)

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Changes in the fatty acid compositions of liver subcellular particles in pyridoxine-deficient rats were investigated in the following three fractions : 1) Mitochondria : The total fat of the pyridoxine-deficient group tended to show a lower proportion of arachidonate, whereas in the phospholipid fraction, the percentage of linoleate was higher and that of arachidonate was lower in the pyridoxine-deficient group than in the pair-fed control. 2) Microsome : It was elucidated that the pyridoxine-deficient animals indicated significantly higher proportion of linoleic acid and significantly lower proportion of arachidonic acid on comparison of the total fat. In the phospholipid fraction, these changes were more strongly manifested. 3) Supernatant : In the supernatant fraction, no significant differences were found between the proportions of the fatty acids in the pyridoxine deficient and the control animals. (Received Jan. 13,1971)

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Deoxy-thiamine was synthesized by using minor modifications of the method of Williams, and its physical and chemical characters for the method of estimation were then studied. On the subcutaneous injection or the oral administration of deoxy-thiamine to chickens with the artificial anus the excretion amounts of deoxy-thiamine in the urine were measured; the pattern of the excretion was entirely different from that of thiamine and the pattern of deoxy-thiamine was similar to that of chloro-thiamine. Excretion of deoxy-thiamine in the urine was also increased proportionally to the increased amounts of dosage. (Received Jan. 23,1971)

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It was found that more than 0.3gι-malic acid, smaller amounts of succinic acid, pyruvate and mucilage, besides mycelia were produced by Schizophyllum commune in 100ml of the cultured medium, initially consisted of 1g etanol, 1g CaCO_3,0.5μg B_1,mineral salts and tap water. The ι-malate production from ethanol and CaCO_3 was observed not only with all strains of S. commune, but also with some unidentified mushroom strains. In some cases, the sum of organic acids estimated as ι-malic acid and mycelia from the medium amounted to more than 1g. It was shown that no ι-malate would be produced from ethanol and CaCO_3 through CO_2-fixing process. (Received Jan. 23,1971)

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It was confirmed by kieselgel G thin layer chromatography that fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid was formed from ascorbic acid and lauric acid on the incubation with Rhizopus delemar lipase or bovine pancreas acetone dried powder. 6-O-Monolauroyl ascorbic acid was formed in the pH ranges of 5.0〜7.0 and 2-O-monolauroyl ascorbic acid was also formed at pH 5.5,but no diester was found to be formed in any pH range of the experiment. It was also confirmed that the amount of lauroyl ascorbic acid was affected by the quantitative ratio of ascorbic acid and lauric acid, the concentration of sodium taurocholate as a detergent, reaction pH and time in the reactive system. (Received Jan. 25,1971)

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It was shown that purified bacterial thiaminase I catalyzes an exchange reaction of the thiazole moiety of hydroxyalkylthiamine with aniline, pyridine, or cysteine etc., liberating 2-hydroxyalkyl-4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole which was identified by means of paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. IR Spectrum of purified thiazole moiety liberated from hydroxyethylthiamine was shown to coincide with that of synthetic 2-hydroxyethyl-4-methyl-5-hydoxyethyl-thiazole. (Received Jan. 26,1971)

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