The mass and economic balance of wastes and by-products produced by the industrial cluster centered on cement and concrete products was investigated. In an industrial process that produces various outputs and associated wastes and by-products, the carbon dioxide emissions, for example, can be allocated in two ways. One is a routine allocation determined by the amount of each output, and the other is a modified allocation that uses the economic value of each output, including that of the wastes and by-products. These two methods are compared. The results of the proposed new method using economic values are satisfactory, although there are some imperfections of a routine life cycle inventory including the usual “Process Analysis” and “Input-Output Analysis”. Use of this new allocation method based on economic values might also provide impetus for more effective use of wastes and by-products in various industrial processes.

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Microbial community in thermophilic contact oxidation process treating high strength organic wastewater with edible oil was analyzed by FISH, quinone profile, PCR-DGGE and sequencing of DGGE bands. Proteobacteria was abundant during mesophilic phases and Gram positive bacteria with low G+C content predominated during thermophilic phases. Constituents of the community under excellent and poor degradation were completely different even during thermophilic phases. Sequences from samples under excellent degradation implied that possible species which contributed good performance could be neighbors of known thermophilic Bacilli, such as Bacillus thermocloacae. The combination of the four methods can effectively and certainly analyze community from group to species level.

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The 24-hour continuous experiments are carried out in winter and summer respectively for the Zacco Platypus from the real river. The existence of the fish behavioral mode is confirmed, i. e., the fish lives with the mode of feeding and resting respectively for the daytime and nighttime in summer, while primarily with the resting mode for the day and night in winter. Based upon the results, the preference curves of water speed, depth and shield are plotted for each mode. The curves of speed are regressed with the normal distribution function. The favorable water depth for feeding is in the shallows of about 15cm deep, while for resting the more deep the water is, the preference shows more significant. As for the shield factor, the open water surface is preferred in the feeding mode, while the tendency of the preference to shield is found in the resting mode.

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We proposed an energy network in waste treatment facilities and sewage treatment facilities. This network can reduce the energy consumption and the environment loads from their treatment facilities, in case collected energy (waste heat and sludge-digestion gas) are utilized each other in their treatment facilities. A means to collect the energy is as follows: Case-1 is that all energy are collected as electricity, Case-2 is that methanol is produced from sludge-digestion gas and Case-3 is that sludge-digestion gas is collected as fuel. As the result, Case-2 is better than the another cases in this evaluate at reduction of the energy consumption and the environment loads from the system. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce about 40% of the energy consumption and the environment loads in the system of 100, 000 persons and about 100% of them in the system of over 400, 000 persons.

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Lake Nakaumi which is a brackish lake has strong pycnocline, so that dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer is often depleted. We studied the flow field which was caused by wind-driven current and inflow and outflow depending on change of atmospheric pressure. We also studied the effects of flow on the behavior of the anoxic water mass. The following results were obtained; (1) Seawater inflow and wind-driven current by approach of the low atmospheric pressure carry dissolved oxygen into bottom layer of Yonago Bay. (2) During the period of mild weather, internal wave in the back of Yonago Bay is different from that generated in the other area of the lake. The anoxic water mass moves from the back of the bay towards the center. (3) In the back of Yonago Bay, oxygen consumption due to decomposition of the detritus in the water column is nearly equal to that by bottom sediments.

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Since the adoption of reforming and opening policy, rapid industrialization and urbanization have taken place in China, accompanying the increasing generation of air and water pollutants. Development patterns and environmental conditions, however, differ significantly between regions. This paper present a statistical analysis of regional characteristics of industrial development and air and water pollutant emission structures of cities in China. The DPSER (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Effect-Response) Model is adopted to analyze the relationships of the economic and environmental factors concerned. Then, pollutants emission structures of cities are compared between regions in which they are located, identifying the dominant characteristics of each region and demonstrating the contrast between the regions.

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Studies were conducted to investigate the H₂ production and degradation of microcrystalline cellulose by pretreated mesophilic digested sludge. Kinetic responses confirmed that the results of this study were highly reliable. Characteristics of the sludge converting the cellulose into H₂ was similar to that of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria of the genus Clostridium. The results obtained emphasize that lag-period times of metabolites production depended upon initial cellulose concentration. When the cellulose exceeded 25g/L, H₂ significantly inhibited the sludge's hydrogenic activity. Initial cellulose concentration notwithstanding, soluble carbohydrates accumulation was still an important factor in affecting production potentials of metabolites.

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