Right after of the large-scale hazard, it is important to disseminate refuge and lifesaving information to the inhabitant quickly. However, the usual vehicle of disaster information such as mass media often does not function after the large-scale hazard. Only the people, who live in the narrow area where the danger exists, need refuge information. Therefore, oral communication and disaster information system are effective for refuge information as a vehicle of refuge information. In this study, the simulation model for evaluating the efficiency of disaster information dissemination in the region during the disaster is developed, and the basic configuration of the simulation model is proposed. The behavior of the model is also examined.

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This study aims at developing a quantification method of user's preference related to railway station based on Item Response Theory. Based on a questionnaire survey conducted at a total number of 23 railways, dissatisfaction level and preference level for utility improvements are measured by considering human latent traits. In the analysis, user's preference was decomposed into the element depending on latent traits and independent one. Also, it was clarified that a) latent dissatisfaction level and preference level differ depending on user's attributes and structures of stations and b) these latent traits provide a significant influence on revealed preference for an improvement of information service and comfort facilities.

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Traffic jams caused by repair work at night on the Expressway are seen even less traffic flow than that of the capacity. This study is to develop the model which explains vehicle merging behavior at the regulated area on the basis of data derived from microscopically traced trajectory of vehicles. The specified points of the study is as follows: (1) vehicle merging behavior is composed of preparatory and adjusting behavior, (2) during the preparatory behavior, decision of merging is being made time to time until the merging is successful, (3) therefore a disaggregate type modelling is applied to the vehicle merging behavior.

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Usually, the major factors of heat-balance in an underground railway are heat generation of tram, heat transfer due to flow of air and heat exchange through the wall surface. If there is a junction between tunnel part and open part or part of tunnel is located above the groundwater level, the route is not symmetrical on thermal condition. It would exert influence on each station that the operation of rolling stocks make heat transfer through the calorie absorbed by the metal mass. Accordingly, we propose the heat-balance theory in which the mechanism of temperature and heat flow is analyzed to the equation of Fourier series using frequency response, and solved by the heat-balance equation including heat transfer of rolling stocks.

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Investigations on the tourism traffic has been extensive due to people's interest on leisure and new experiments conducted in each tourist destination. This article describes a method on the trip survey in the tourist destination from the viewpoint how to estimate total volume of tourism traffic in the survey area.
First, we direct the problems about demand forecast of tourism traffic in the tourist destination through the review of current studies. Second, we propose a survey method clarifying the necessary conditions for it. Third, it is examined from the aspect of its precision and practicability through the case study in Oku-Nikko area.

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This paper shows the unified theoretical framework of 5 land use models which have developed and applied in Japan since later 80's. It is illustrated that each model can be derived as a special case of the unified framework model with specification of functions in the unified model so that characteristics of each model should be compared with others. This study ensures that the combination of sub-models in 5 models leads to a new land use model which is consistent within the unified theoretical framework.

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This paper proposes an estimation method of household characteristics changes by small zone in a city. Number of household by family type and by age of the head of family is defined as the household characteristics of a zone. The historical changes over twenty years of the household characteristics by POPULATION CENSUS tract in Sendai city were successfully estimated using Frater method. Major findings of the study are as follows: 1) The proposed method was confirmed to have good accuracy. 2) Aged family have been increasing in the tracts in urban center and nearby. 3) It was proved that this trend was deeply depended on the trend of housing supply in the city.

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Historical maps are precious materials which show spatial distribution of land use, streets and so on at the time when the maps were produced. In analysis of historical maps, the most primitive and comprehensive method is to compare them directly with the present ones by overlaying. However, the low precision, in the geometrical sense, of the historical maps makes the task of comparison very difficult. This paper proposes an effective geometric correction method in which Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) model and Affine transformation are employed. This paper also shows some applications which illustrate the significance of the geometric correction of historical maps.

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A random-utility model system of the individual's consumption of service and goods under monetary and temporal constraints is presented as a new methodology to analyze the individual's travel demand. The model is formulated as a system of non-linear Tobit models whose parameters are estimated using individuals' travel behavior, time use and expenditure data. Parameter estimates indicate that male or high-income individuals tend to allocate more time and money to non-routine activities, for example sight seeing or leisure activities. This tendency are also indicated by a scenario analysis using in which Monte Carlo simulation was performed using this model system.

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In this paper, travel cost methods are presented to value recreation benefits based upon stay duration length at destination. In so doing, discrete-continuous types of choice models are derived from the utility maximization hypothesis to describe the individuals' recreation behavior. The models can be estimated from choice-based sampling data. The models are empirically estimated based upon the data set gathered in the Ishikari river basin.

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Traffic guide signs are essential information source for drivers who are unfamiliar with the geography to reach their destinations safely and smoothly. Thus it is important to establish the efficient road signs at the effective places. This paper proposes the methods for the optimal road sign system in highway network. The optimal model evaluates the minimum total Value of Stray by simulating method, and optimize the sign system by Dynamic Programing. The model assumption and the model building process are discussed and numerical analyses for the optimization are executed for a simple road network.

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That is one of important problem for rapidly recovering of damaged road network to decide systematic restoration by several operation teams. However, for optimization of systematic restoration, it is necessary to solve the order of improvement and the combination of restoration teams simultaneously. The propose of this paper is to develop a restoration optimization model which can manage cooperation by several teams, and to solve a restoration process systematically in national highway network by using Genetic Algorithms (GA). GA process is customized for this cooperation problem by two cording methods in one gene string. As the case study, the road network of South-West Hokkaido is applied, and the effect of this idea is confirmed.

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This research presents a model for urban pickup/delivery truck traffic using dynamic traffic simulation with optimal vehicle routing and scheduling. This model describes the behavior of urban pickup/delivery trucks for determining the optimal delivery route and the departure time from a depot and estimates its effects on the traffic condition of road network. The model was successfully applied to a test network. The results showed that the advanced routing and scheduling system or cooperative freight transportation system can reduce the total costs for freight carriers and also contributes to reduce the total travel time. This leads to alleviate the traffic congestion on road network and improve the environment.

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This paper describes the methodology of data collection for pedestrian mobility in downtown areas whose revitalization is one of the primary policy objectives in Japan. Five data collection methods are proposed and compared from viewpoints of data reliability and cost-effectiveness. The method which turned out to be most reliable and effective is the questionnaire survey using a downtown map, which is handed to a pedestrian respondent at mode-change points including railway stations. The respondent marks his/her walking routes and destinations on the map and returns it by mail. The data collected under this method including pedestrian trip chains proved to be effectively available to revitalization planning.

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A structural equations models system, whose endogenous variables are household transportation energy consumption, work trip travel mode, vehicle holdings, and commute distance, is developed using the results of 1990 Kei-Han-Shin (Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe) household travel survey. The energy consumption characteristics of the household are explored using the model system, and the effectiveness of alternative land-use policies in reducing transportation energy consumption is evaluated by applying the model system while treating the commute distance as an exogenous variable. The estimation results indicate that it is possible to reduce household energy consumption by promoting high density land use development and encouraging job-residence proximity. In the Kei-Han-Shin metropolitan area where high-density and mixed land use already prevails and auto use is relatively low, however, an attempt to reduce household transportation energy consumption appreciably would require policies that target households of higher propensity toward energy consumption which tend to reside in the outskirts of the metropolitan area and commute long distances.

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One of the critical conflict issues in multi-purpose reservoir development is over the allocation of joint costs among uses. Given an efficient joint projects, fairness and equity is required to qualify the cost allocation method. This paper addresses to the need for developing a new method which can account for spillover effects from other uses forming a Coalition. This is particularly the case with a new use representing environmental interest comes into the ground. Within a framework of cooperative game theory, some theoretical solution concepts proposed by formulating the problem in partition function form.

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