In this study, we analyzed the effect of the reception on the volleyball game. Results indicated that perfect pass ratio and miss reception ratio were significant predictors of the volleyball game. However, the effect of the reception was smaller than the effect of kill ratio.In the Women's V Premier League, interaction of perfect pass ratio and miss reception ratio was significant. Post hoc comparisons indicated when miss reception ratio is low the perfect pass ratio was significant predictor of the game result. However, these effects of reception were weak compared with the kill ratio. Generally, we considered that accurate reception is important. The results of this study indicated the possibility that reception was a factor which relate indirectly rather than directly to volleyball game.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect that playing volleyball has on the prevention of osteoporosis in women. We measured the physique and calcaneal bone density of 183 married volleyball players（48.5 ± 10.2 yrs） and 261 ordinary women（69.8 ± 8.1 yrs）. Bone density was measured by ultrasound using osteo-sono assessment. The volleyball playing period of the married volleyball players was 27.3 ± 10.8 years. Standing height, body weight and bone density of married volleyball players was higher than that of ordinary women. A positive correlation was confirmed between the relative value of bone density and body mass index in married volleyball players. The long competition period of the married volleyball players probably contributes to an increase in their calcaneal bone density. It appears that long-term volleyball playing tends to be effective for the prevention of osteoporosis in Japanese women.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate an effect of the complex − training on strength, power, and jump height in male university volleyball players during pre − competition season.　Twenty three male university volleyball players were divided into the following three training groups; COMB（Combination − traing group, n ＝ 9）, COMP（Complex − training group, n ＝ 7）, and WT（Weight − training group, n ＝ 7）. The following training conditions were adopted for 2 or 3 times/week for 8 weeks in each training group. The COMB trained Squat − training（SQ, 85%1RM）and depth − jump with rest（30 min）. The COMP trained SQ（85%1RM）and depth − jump without rest. The WT trained only SQ（85%1RM）. In order to evaluate the effect of training, the 1RM Squat, Squat Jump（SJ）, Counter Movement Jump（CMJ）, Drop Jump（DJ）, and leg extension power were measured in pre − and post − training period. The main results were as follows：（1）Jump heights of SJ, CMJ, and DJ did not increase in all training groups.（2）The leg press power decreased in WT（− 4.2%）.（3）The leg extension power increased in COMP（+9.2%）. The results indicated that the complex − training did not affect on jump height, however, the leg press power was improved. In addition, high intensity SQ reduced the leg press power.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the setting technique in combination attacks focusing on the trajectory of the ball was set and the arm of the setting motion. The setting motion of the setters that were playing in world − class competition was analyzed. The general tendency was extracted from the analyzed data, and was explained biomechanically. The trajectories of the balls was set were close. And the characteristics of the setting technique in combination attacks are on the following two points. 1）The arm angle is approximately 137 degree from touching to release the ball. 2）The timing formed the setting posture is approximately 0.233 second before touching the ball（approximately the take − off）. It is considered that their two motions are useful not to give blockers the clue of the set direction before releasing the ball. After releasing the ball，the close trajectory of the ball suggests that it is difficult for blockers to judge the position attacked.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate double blocking techniques against side attacks with combination attacks in volleyball. 36 occurrences of blocking motions in 3 games（Poland vs Iran, Poland vs Japan, Iran vs Argentina）from the 2011 Men's World Cup Volleyball were analyzed by the Direct Linear Transformation Method. The results were as follows： （1）When the ball was released from the setter, a middle blocker rotated one foot, put his weight on his directional foot on the spot（this motion saved time）, and then, he took off with two steps（crossover step）. （2）After the ball was set, the middle blocker moved approximately 2m to the side attacker and jumped diagonally upwards after takeoff because he couldn't arrive at hitting point of the side attacker. When he touched the ball with his finger − tips, he touched the ball in the air as he was jumping upward. （3）If the middle blocker wasn't very tall, he wasn't able to use read blocking techniques because he wasn't able to arrive at the path of the ball and touch the ball which had been hit by the side attacker. The authors concluded that shorter middle blocker’s only option was to move quickly to block against side attacks. （4）The side blocker moved approximately 1m in the direction of the attacker after setting and he jumped vertically. The timing of side blocker’s takeoff was faster than that of the middle blocker’s（an average of 0.209 seconds before the left side attacker hit the ball and an average of 0.215 seconds before the right side attacker hit the ball）. （5）The side blocker was positioned approximately 0.5m at the inner hitting point against left side attacks and approximately 0.6m against right side attacks. The side blocker also blocked diagonal spikes（not in front of the hitting point）.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between player’s height and jump reach height in volleyball players, and to provide a idea of the talent identification and development for volleyball. The results were as follows. 1.　The height in London Olympics players were significantly higher than that in 2012 All−Japan players and 2012/13 V−League players.（London Olympics players [n ＝ 144]： All 197.6 ± 7.3 cm, Wing Spiker [WS] 197.5 ± 5.5 cm, Middle Blocker [MB] 203.8 ± 4.9 cm, Setter [S] 194.9 ± 5.2 cm, Libero [L] 186.7 ± 8.0 cm, All − Japan players [n ＝ 27]： All 190.6 ± 7.1 cm, WS 191.0 ± 4.3 cm, MB 197.0 ± 4.4 cm, S 184.0 ± 4.7 cm, L 178.5 ± 2.5 cm, V − League players [n ＝ 131]： All 187.7 ± 7.3 cm, WS 188.3 ± 4.8 cm, MB 194.3 ± 3.7 cm, S 185.1 ± 6.0 cm, L176.0 ± 5.3 cm） 2.　The player’s heights were correlated with jump reach height in all groups. 3.　The player’s heights were correlated with the heights of their fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters.

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The purpose of this study was to present a case study of practical coaching through scientific investigation of what is happening in the field, and to clarify the hardships faced by a coach. The episode description and the in − depth talking, one of the qualitative research methods, were used. The study’s subjects were a junior high school women’s volleyball team and their coach. After conducting observation, three characteristic instruction methods were identified ： “how to talk attract many players,” “how to scold for the team to one,” and “how to encourage mentality as an ace spiker.” Furthermore, it was suggested that the conflict of a coach was a fundamentally ambiguous. Finally, the study revealed that underlying the coaching was a regard for the importance of the relationship between players.

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