one approach to identify people predisposed to cardiovascular diseases is considered. Thechar acteristic value of individual time unit, τ-type of the subject, is taken as an indicator. A large sample shows that two groups of τ-types in the human population (0.8s ≤ τ ≤ 0.86s and 0.94s ≤ τ ≤ 1.0s) "prefer" to develop the ischemic heart disease. Different critical age points in the development of the disease by individuals belonging to both groups are found.

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Mice were irradiated by the ETC (emission from a toroidal coil system) wave field proposed in our previous report, and the difference in physical stamina between irradiated and control (unirradiated) groups was examined. The mice were ETC-irradiated for 10 minutes a day. The mouse were fed 2g of feed per day, corresponding to about 1/2 of the sufficient quantity. The ETC irradiation continued for 6 days. A forced swimming test was begun on the eighth day and continued for 4 days. The feed quantity was reduced to Ig a day during the first 2 days of the forced swimming test, and increased to 2 g a day during the last 2 days. On the second day of the forced swimming test, both the irradiated and unirradiated groups showed a significantly lower rectal temperature than on the previous day. On the third day, the unirradiated group mice showed an increase in immobile time in the forced swimming test, and their mean value for the time was significantly greater than that of the irradiated group mice. This significant difference disappeared, however, after the feed quantity was increased to 2g. These findings implied that ETC irradiation improved the physical stamina of the extremely diet-controlled mice.

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Previously, we reported that irradiation by waves from EQR (emission from quartz resonance) had a strong tendency to suppress proliferation of sarcoma 180 tumor cells in BDF1 mice, and to markedly inhibit carrageenin-mduced foot edema in rats. In the present investigation, influence of EQR irradiation on animal rectal temperature was examined. We found that EQR irradiation increased the rectal temperature. The amount of the temperature increase gradually decreased during repetition of the irradiation even in a time interval (30 min) shorter than that (several days) in the former report. We postulated that the effect arose because the EQR waves affected the autonomic nerve system.

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Scientific research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become active in the USA due to rapid growth in the research sponsored by the USA government. In late autumn 2001, the authors visited the University of Hawaii and the Hawaii Remote Viewers' Guild (HRVG), and also attended the International Conference "Bridging Worlds and Filling Gaps in the Science of Spiritual Healing" to promote academic communication between East and West. The University of Hawaii has a plan to establish a new department of alternative medicine by 2005. HRVG uses the Internet for experiments and education. At the conference, there were approximate 40 reports and lectures on research for subtle energy, anomalous somatic functions, traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, physiological measurements of meditation and induction of spiritual experience, biology of consciousness, neurophysiology of non-local connection, free-response psi experiment and intuitive diagnosis. Themes of many studies were in common with Asian ones. But, Japanese, Chinese and Taiwanese studies had a tendency to regard individuality of subjects as important compared with other studies.

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Two persons who have a 40-year history as a pair practicing a martial art which front-detects a partner's attack sign performed remote action experiment a total of 4 times over 2 years. In all runs, the two subjects were in two different rooms, and the sender emitted a qi of attack only once during an 80-second trial under double blinded and randomized conditions. In this report, the temperature data of the second experimental series were analyzed and tested. The difference between the average temperature changes during a period of 2 seconds before the 1 second of sending was statistically significant at 5% or less. The time of change was the same as in part I which analyzed the first experimental series. Then, the differences between three large peaks which occurred around -41 (p=3.7%) sec (peak I), 0 sec (13.4) (peak II), +36 sec (1.3) (peak III) in the frequency histogram which Yamamoto reported were also analyzed and tested. Peak II showed a statistically significant value of 1% or less between the difference of the average temperature change near the sending time, however there was no significance near peaks I and III.

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ECGs analysis was done for a qi-receiver during Toh-ate (remote action; an ancient Japanese martial art) with double blind. Two practitioners were isolated in two rooms under the condition of cutting normal information transfer. One practitioner (sender) sent qi randomly once per trial of 80 seconds and the other (receiver) tried to perceive the qi; at the time he perceived it, he pushed a switch. Their sending times, receiving times and physiological data were recorded during the experiments. The receiver's ECG RR intervals were measured, and their fluctuations before and after the sending times were analyzed. As a result, in a group of trials without the receiver's switch signals, the coefficient of variation of RR intervals for 10 seconds after the sending times was larger by a statistically significant amount (1%) than before them.

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Physiological measurements during concentration on tasks have been carried out for three years with children who have been practicing a kind of image training and rapid reading. In this report, EEC changes of one subject, a 9-year-old boy in 2001, are reported. Measurements from three experiments were analyzed during tasks with the eyes closed. The tasks were resting, visual imaging and rapid reading using a blindfold (blind reading). Frequency of α waves became faster with age. The tendency for high frequency α waves during visual imaging and blind reading was clearer as the subject became older. The older the subject became, the larger the α amplitude on the occipital area became. But α suppression during rapid reading was observed at a lower age. During hypnosis-like induction of image and getting the contents of a book while blindfolded, the subject was considered to be in a so-called ASC (altered state of consciousness). In such a state, the ratio of the α amplitude on the frontal to the occipital area (Fp_2/O_2) becomes usually large. In this work, the ratio became really large during rapid reading. At that time, lag time of α waves on the frontal to the occipital area, as an indicator of concentration, became shorter than in the resting state. The subject seemed to be in the concentrating state. Fmθ which is considered to appear in deep concentration, was not observed so often for this subject. β waves tended to appear dominantly on the left hemisphere and only sometimes on the right or both occipital areas.

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate meridian functions by which the intelligence system processed minute information. Twenty males and females, aged from 12 to 83, were radiated using light emitting diodes (LEDs) without direct touch. Their reactions were measured with a single squarevoltage pulse method. Results indicated significant differences of reactions according to wavelength. It was important that minute photo-information could be transmitted in the intelligence system. These results suggested that the system sensed with minute electromagnetic information may be existence.

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A qigong experiment was conducted on the right laokung of a qigong-sensitive subject and a qigong-insensitive subject. The changes of cerebral activation were examined using f-MRI. As qigong is said to be effective for cerebral relaxation, both the activation and the deactivation of cerebral activities were focused on and comparatively studied. Activation was observed in the first left somatosensory area and the right visual area, while deactivation was seen in the first right motor area and the anterior cingulate gyrus of the qigong-sensitive subject. On the other hand, little activation in the same areas was observed in the qigong-insensitive subject. These results enabled the authors to conjecture that the degree of cerebral activation during qigong depends on the subject's sensitivity and that strong deactivation occurs in the anterior cingulate gyrus, particularly when qigong is effective.

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There have been many TV programs in which persons demonstrate spoon bending. We are not so much interested in this, but we are interested in the mechanism of why a hard spoon bends. However, we think that it has not been reported using scientific methods because spoon bending is used as an entertainment on stage or as a child's game. We worked with a male student at a junior high school who can perform spoon bending easily. When we made physiological measurements during spoon bending, we found results were similar to physiological phenomena seen in qigong and ki-aikidou. We understood that his respiration played an important role in this spoon bending.

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As a way of studying Ki in Kiatsu Ryoho which is an alternative application of "unification of mind and body" featuring the Ki principle established by Mr. Koichi TOHEI, founder of the Ki Development Institute, an experiment was carried out on what is affected physiologically through extending Ki by a Aikido master who is also a Kiatsu Ryoho therapist or hand healer, to a subject student While extending Ki, the heart rate of the Ki master was dramatically changed, which was closely similar to phenomena described in two reports which dealt with the physiological studies of Ki in respiration and under the state of the unbendable arm. A difference between the Ki master and a Qigong therapist was observed, which reflected a difference in the respiration method between them.

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We hypothesize that mind-heart and genes influence each other, and review recent studies to support this hypothesis. (1). Regarding the action of genes on mind-heart, a relationship between personality and gene structure has been reported. It has been shown that individuals with a large number of repeat sequences in the dopamine receptor gene eagerly seek novelty, while those with a small number of repeat sequences in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene tend to feel anxiety. (2). It has been reported that mental stress influences the expression (ON/OFF) of the genes for neuroendocrine-immune factors (CRH, POMC, IL-2R) and the expression of the genes for factors (c-myc, c-myb, c-fos, c-jun) related to cell growth and differentiation, thereby suppressing the immune response and enhancing resistance to stress. Precise mechanisms of the interaction between mind-heart and genes will be elucidated in the future through progress of the exhaustive analysis of the expression profile of genes that are switched ON/OFF by various factors influencing mental activity.

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Biophotons are an ultra weak photon emission appearing from a living body. Whether biophoton emission can be influenced by a healing treatment was investigated in experiments in which the biophoton emission was compared during healing and resting phases. The samples were nude mice and germinating seeds. The results indicated that there was no difference in biophoton emission between healing and resting phases used on statistical analysis of average intensity and central moments. The photo count distribution was shown to be close to a Poisson distribution.

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An attempt has been made to measure the effects of a fragrance on the extremities of the human body by using a single square voltage pulse (SSVP) method. Estimation of whether the fragrance induced alertness or calming down was made based on changes in parameters related to autonomic nervous system and blood flow. Peppermint andjasmine tended to induced alertness, whereas lavender and lemon induced pacification and rose worked in either way. But the results were rather diffuse compared to the effects of audiovisual stimuli measured by SSVP in the previous study. This seemed to be due to variations of susceptibility to fragrances for individuals and psychological influence of fragrance which complicated the appearance of changes on the body extremities. However, there were some subjects with high susceptibility to fragrance whose reactions to the fragrance coincided perfectly well with that reported by CNV brain wave measurements.

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In this study, the states of oxygen metabolism in the cerebrum were analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in order to clarify the mechanisms of physiological changes during exercises of Shaolin Internal Qigong. The subject was a 55-year old man, who has practiced Shaolin Internal Qigong almost every day for over 40 years. At rest in the sitting position, the average oxygen saturation (StO_2) , total hemoglobin (TotalHb) and oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) were 79.6%, 393.0 cm・g/1, and 3 12.9 cm・g/1, respectively, whereas during Shaolin Internal Qigong exercises, they were within 77-79%, 390-396cm・g/1, and 299-3 12cm・g/1, respectively. These results mean that the three characteristics did not change significantly between at rest and during Shaolin Internal Qigong. The subject seemed to maintain the oxygen density and hemoglobin density in the brain blood flow as constantly as possible. In addtion, Shaolin Internal Qigong may promote oxygen consumption economically to inhibit the increase of DeoxyHb in the blood.

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Zhang Yong Xiang, a popular Chinese qigong master, inherited the leadership position in Zhang Method Qigong and has improved it by integrating a method to transmit qi more effectively while simultaneously taking in spiritual energy. His unique method has had good effects in therapy. The Zhang Method Qigong was studied in this report. Before and after a 40-minute practice session, the levels of cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, β-endorphin in venous blood were measured. Plasma adrenaline increased significantly, but no significant changes were evinced for the others. This indicated that the participants had strongly concentrated their consciousness.

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Macrophages, constituting a host defense system, are the most fundamental leukocytes which protect the human body from bacteria and antigens. In the course of phylogenetic development, multicellular organisms acquired granulocytes and lymphocytes from proto-macrophages. Granulocytes are beneficial for eliminating bacteria by their phagocytosis, whereas lymphocytes are beneficial for eliminating small antigens by their immune functions. The distribution of granulocytes and lymphocytes (e.g., 60%:35% in the peripheral blood of adult humans) is known to be influenced by the size of microbes which invade the human body. In this review, it is also revealed that the distribution of these leukocytes is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. This is due to the existence of adrenergic receptors on granulocytes and the existence of cholinergic receptors on lymphocytes. For the most part, the variety of leukocytes induced by the autonomic nervous system appears to be desirable for defense of the host. However, if the autonomic nervous system deviates too much in one direction, over-activation of granulocytes or lymphocytes appears, which results in certain diseases. Without introduction of the concept of "immunomodulation by the autonomic nervous system," the mechanisms underlying the onset of many tissue destructive diseases and allergic diseases cannot be properly understood.

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We attempted to reproduce Radio's experiment in which presentiment response was observed in electrodermal activity (EDA). In his experiment a series of pictures are shown to a subject; results are claimed to show a presentiment response exists in EDA - the signal before picture demonstration differs in accord with future picture contents (calm/disturbing). We wrote software to run this experiment and analyzed a few hundred pictures. We proposed a method of evaluating the statistical significance, which we hope is suitable for independent replication of results.

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When many people gather and do something intensively, no matter how little the people are conscious of the results of their conduct, anomalous output from the random number generator which is set around such people, occurs, so that it is recognized as a statistically significant occurrence. When a world-wide event occurs and many people notice it, random number generators set around worldwide show anomalous output. It has been a recent tendency to receive such reports. The authors carried out experiments measuring the accumulated deviation of anomalous output from a random number generator on the occasion of an international scientific conference about spiritual healing held in Hawaii, 2001 and at the New Year's holiday in Japan, 2002. Results, experimental data were statistically significant: Z=2.32, p=0.02 (both tails) at the meeting; Z=2.11, p=0.035 (both tails) in the New Year's holiday, while controls were by chance. In further studies, it will be necessary to use plural random number generators and to compare with results of Global Consciousness Project.

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A new music generation system for stress resolution is proposed. The sounds in which there are 1/f fluctuations such as the sounds of a running stream, insects and windchimes are effective for stress resolution. It is known that the fluctuation of 8[Hz] observed in tremolo vibrato of sounds of insects, etc. derives from a natural phenomenon called Schumann resonance. Then, a music generation system was developed that used the Schumann resonance wave in music for stress resolution, and the stress resolution effect was measured from pulse wave information measured at the wrist of the subjects.

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The effects of negative air ions on living body were evaluated. Negative air ions were generated by an ultrasonic humidifier, and changes in heart rate, blood pressure, accelerated pulse wave and peripheral blood flow were measured. Negative air ions seemed to inhibit the sympathetic activity and to decrease blood vessel tone of the subjects whose sympathetic activities were accelerated.

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Part IV of this study found that it is possible to enhance business performance by making and executing plans in consideration of activities that encourage self-reflection. Part V focuses on the effectiveness of being aware of such activities to achieve greater results. Factors for realizing significant achievements are clarified through experiments and measurements. The possibility of increasing α-waves by (1) singing and (2) wearing a watch with a magnetism-discharging device is also examined.

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Relaxing effects from playing in the water and enjoying cool breezes were examined by measuring various body parameters for 31 elementary and junior high school students. The measurements were done for 10 indexes of the subjects. Positive effects were observed on measurement items relating to physical conditions (blood pressure and skin temperature), and items relating to a person's consciousness (STAI questionnaire). In items relating to a person's unconsciousness (brain waves and AMI), such effects were observed only at one of the measurement locations.

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While teaching the speed reading method which contains the training of free stereo view, we found the phenomenon which eyesight improved at once. The phenomenon was quantitatively evaluated. The subject is a group of 21 from 19 to 40 years old (28.5 years old on the average). While maintaining the situation to achieve the free stereo view in figure on each page, training by which the image was moved (1) back and forth, (2) right and left, (3) up and down, and (4) along the circumference during 60 minutes in total was performed. Eyesight was measured before and after the training of free stereo vision. As a result, the naked-eye eyesight with both eyes increased by 0.32 on the average (average of 21 people). The correction eyesight with both eyes increased by 0.40 on the average (average of 14 people). The training of the free stereo view which uses the images with a series of movements brought eyesight the immediate effect.

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