There exist many kinds of objects which can be regarded as a poin set. But if one calculates density of a point set he will find that sometimes it is not so easy, since it is difficult or even impossible to identify or draw the boundary of the set. Classification of rural settlements byconsidering density of housing is one of these problems.
This study, regarding housing in a village as a point set and comparing their density with the “uniform point set” which is supposed to spread homogeneously, set up two quantitative classification indices, that is scatter index and scatter revision index, and then use them to classify villages by two steps.
The bigger the scatter index, the more scattered the village would be. By using this scatter index, rural settlements are divided, at the first place, into four types. They are “mikyo”, “shukyo”, “sankyo”and “sokyo” in Japanese, indicating density, semi-density, semi-scatter and scatter respectively (more then four types, however, could be classified if necessary) . Then the scatter revision index is used to further classify those settlements whose scatter indices are too close to the standard value to be rationally dealt with. In this case a larger scatter revision index indicates a denser distribution of housing in village.
Finally, it should be noted that the method developed here to classify rural settlements could also be applied to other similar classification problems which in somewaycould be changed into point set.

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In the previous paper titled “ON CLASSIFICATION OF VILLAGES BY USING UNIFORM POINT SET” (“JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 13-3”) two classification indices were introduced in accordance with density of houses regarded as points, and their usefulness in village classification was proved. In this paper a simple approximate calculating method of these two classification is discussed.
This method is developed under the assumption that probability with which a point appears anywhere within a mesh grid is equal, requiring, instead of house coordinate, only relative location of some mesh grids and numbers of points within those grids.
In order to reduce the influence to the calculating precision resulting from mesh, a new kind of mesh is introduced in this paper, namely “the unfixed mesh” for its grid size, contrary to the normally used mesh, is changeable along with each given point set.
By doing the Monte-Carlo simulation for about 3, 000 point sets, the following results are examined:
1. High calculation precision in practical using of the two classification indices could be obtained as long as the grid size of the unfixed mesh is properly small.
2. The less the point number, and the smaller the relative calculation error, the bigger the grid number of the unfixed mesh would be necessary.
3. Especially, the grid number of this kind depends on whether or not points are less than 50. For instance, to have relative calculation error of less than 5%, it is necessary for the unfixed mesh grids to be at least 9×9 if points are more than 50, while that would become at least 18×18 if points less than 50.

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In this “affluent society” many people have been so much changing their views of ‘value’ from material richness to better quality of life, and the marginal meaning of agriculure is changing from its economic function to its output-mix of social benefits.
Therefore a focal point of rural planning is to be not only economic maximization, but also social optimization.
Under this circumstance, the problem of amenity becomes an object of rural planning. The definition of rural amenity, however is very vague and difficult to identify.
With this in mind, the present study aims to make clear the following points: 1) a goal-system of amenity in rural planning by goal-tree-method
2) methods of determining the goal-priority for optimum investment in multi-dimensional rural planning goals
3) a comparative study on goal-structure of rural amenity between Japan and Korea.
A tool of this study depends on “Nutzwertanalyse, ” a method of criteria weights in rank ordering techniques of project evaluation.
-Goal-systems of amenity in rural planning are very similar between Japan and Korea.
-The preference of ecological and settlemental goals seems to be much higher in Japan than in Korea.
-In Korea the goal-value is shifting to not only employment, but also more and more the so-called “intangible”. goals, for example, beautiful landscape.

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In this paper, the structure of Policy for Less Favoured Area in EC was studied by comparing the cases of Germany and the United Kingdom.
First, the framework of Less Favoured Area Policy in Common Agricultural Policy of EC was clarified.
Second, on Germany and the United Kingdom, the structure of agriculture and each programme for Less Favoured Area were analyzed, and the effects of direct payment to farming of Less Favoured Area which compensates the handicap in natural conditions was evaluated.
Major findings obtained in this paper are as follows.
1. Programme supporting agriculture plays a part of the measure of Less Favoured Area Policy for its final purpose, maintaining minimum population and landscape of in each area.
2. There are differences in economic and social sturcture of Less Favoured Area among countries and regions. Also, each programme of Less Favoured Area Policy has several effects. They make it difficult to evaluate Less Favoured Area Policy.
3. Less Favoured Area Policy has targetting problem. This means that there is trade-off between covering the target of the policy and saving administration cost.

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