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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 454 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 454 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 454 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 454 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 454 Pages
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Yutaka YOKOYAMA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
1-8
Published: December 30, 1993
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This paper presents basic findings to investigate the method for evaluating precision in finishing of tiled walls from a viewpoint of visual sensation. The quantitative value which corresponds to human sensation on precision in finishing of a tiled wall was established. At first, the sensation scale relating to precision in finishing of some parts of the tiled wall employed for the sensory test was constructed. Then, the geometric measurement on precision in the finishing tiles was carried out. Secondly, based on the correlation between sensation scale and the result of measurement, the appropriate physical value was obtained.
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Songtao XUE, Jun TOBITA, Chuanjun QU, Masanori IZUMI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
9-14
Published: December 30, 1993
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This paper presented a study on the memory functions of Fading Memory theory for three dimensional viscoelastic material. The condition on memory function which is different from the conditions of continuum mechanics has been shown using the critical condition of wave propagation. The derivation of memory functions from three dimensional spring-dashpot model has been presented which direct a way to obtain the memory functions from present models. Also the relations between memory functions and Q values of P wave and S wave are derived and examples are shown. The last part of this paper shows how to obtain the memory functions from material test in two ways.
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Izuru TAKEWAKI, Tsuneyoshi NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
15-28
Published: December 30, 1993
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The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method of elastic seismic-deformation constrained design of frame-steel plate shear wall systems. In place of a global coordinate system, a member-coordinate system is utilized to measure the interstory-drift component without the rigid-motion component due to rotation of a floor. A set of bending stiffnesses of shear walls with columns is found such that the so-designed frame-shear wall system would exhibit a specified distribution of mean peak interstory drifts in the member-coordinate system to design-spectrum compatible earthquakes. Design examples for ten- and twenty-story models are presented for demonstrating the usefulness of this method of seismic-deformation constrained design. Finally time-history response analysis to an ensemble of design-spectrum compatible artificial earthquakes is performed to demonstrate the validity of this method and examine its accuracy.
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Yukio TAMURA, Atsushi SASAKI, Haruo TSUKAGOSHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
29-38
Published: December 30, 1993
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In order to obtain the basic characteristics of the Random Decrement Technique, the numerical simulation of wind-induced vibration are conducted for single- and two-degree-of freedom systems with a given damping ratio. The effects of various parameters on the resultant damping ratio are examined, i. e. the number of superposition of samples, the value of the damping ratio, band width of band-pass filter and so on. The Random Decrement Technique is applied for evaluation of damping ratios of full-scale buildings. The results suggest that the technique is very useful for evaluation of the damping ratios of actual buildings under random excitations.
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Shigeyuki OKADA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
39-49
Published: December 30, 1993
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This research provides the method of "indoor-zoning" of a dwelling by which the probability potential of suffering injuries or death due to an earthquake can be evaluated. As a case study several apartment buildings damaged in the Miyagi-ken-oki earthquake of 1978 was estimated. From this analysis it is shown that the level of probability potential of suffering injuries differs from one space to another even in the same room and the spatial distribution of its potentiality can be visually understood. Such a method as proposed here should give us available information on floor planning and furnishings arrangement planning in order to maintain indoor security against earthquake.
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Kazuo DAN, Koichi WATANABE, Masaru KIKUCHI, Manabu EBIHARA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
51-60
Published: December 30, 1993
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The strong-motion records at the Kushiro District Meteorological Observatory from the 1993 Kushiro-Oki earthquake were applied to rigid-frame structures of different types. The total plastic energy dissipation of short period structures under the records was larger than that under the design input motions, while the energy dissipation of long period structures was comparable or smaller. The response level-of a low building with a short natural period showed that the damage should be moderate or severe. But, the actual damage to such a kind of buildings was rather slight around the observatory. The earthquake resistant capacity of non-structural components should be appropriately evaluated in design process.
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Masayoshi NAKASHIMA, Takashi AKAZAWA, Osamu SAKAGUCHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
61-71
Published: December 30, 1993
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Proposed is a new integration method that can ensure unconditional stability and control the growth of experimental errors in the substructure pseudo dynamic test. This method, referred to as a-OS method, is an extension of OS method that has already been proposed and includes an additional integration parameter. This parameter is the source of numerical dissipation, which in turn makes the growth of experimental errors suppressed. Stability and accuracy characteristics of the method are quantified analytically, and effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by numerical experimentation.
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Koji UETANI, Koichi TOKAI, Tsuneyoshi NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
73-83
Published: December 30, 1993
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Clarification of the collapse behavior of building frames under repeated horizontal loading is necessary for developing a more rational and reliable method of earthquake resistance design. In the previous part of this paper, it has been predicted by applying the symmetry limit theory that an unknown type of overall collapse behavior is possible to occur in multistory multibay planar frames subjected to repeated horizontal top displacement. In the present part of this paper, the numerical response analysis of the frames is performed to verify the theoretical predictions. The existence of the symmetry limits is confirmed and the features of the deterioration process characterized by cyclic growth of a bow-like-shaped overall mode of frame deflection is revealed.
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Yohko NAKAZAWA, Kunio YAMAGATA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
85-94
Published: December 30, 1993
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Process to ultimate condition under lateral load about fixed headed bearing pile are examined by elasto-plastic analysis. (1) Pile length L, assumption of plasticity and rotation of footing influence on lateral load and deformation at first plastic hinge formed. (2) According to the ratio of ultimate bending moment My_2/My_1(at pile top and maximum moment along pile length), the order forming plastic hinge is changed. (3) Failure mode is 2 hinges in the range of My<Ma and L> L_L but is 1 hinge structure out of those ranges. Ma is 0.85c_uBL^2 and L_L is √<Ma/0.85 c_u B> in the range of in L=6〜10m, Cu=1.5〜4.5 tf/m^2.
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Kazuo MITSUI, Nobuyoshi TOSAKA, Kohji SUMINO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
95-104
Published: December 30, 1993
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The purpose of the-present study is to show theoretically that dynamic instability takes place in a clamped spherical shell under a partially distributed normal follower force. Large deflection and stability of shallow and deep spherical shells are studied. The axisymmetric equilibrium states are solved through a Newton-Raphson technique on discretized nonlinear shell equations by means of finite difference method. The stability of the respective equilibrium states on the axisymmetric fundamental equilibrium path is examined by the dynamic method. In this study, it is shown that transition from stability to instability takes place not only in the form of static instability, but also in the form of dynamic instability.
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Shiro KATO, Yuichi SUZUKI, Katuji KIMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
105-114
Published: December 30, 1993
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The present paper discusses a method to estimate differential settlements for reticulated structures based on the Principle of Maximum Entropy. The condition assumed in estimation is that the standard deviation of the differential settlements is prescribed. Under the condition several cases are studied for the following subsidiary conditions: (i) the total strain energy of the structure gets maximum or minimum; (ii) the standard deviation of stress of a paticular member-gets maximum. The results are compared with those simulated by Monte-Carlo method and the characteristics of the estimated differential settlements are classified.
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Hisahiro HIRAISHI, Yoshiyuki MURATA, Takashi KAMINOSONO, Akira YAGENJI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
115-125
Published: December 30, 1993
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This paper reports the experimental results and their discussion of reinforced concrete columns focusing on the effect of biaxial lateral loading on structural performance. Three specimens were made with high-strength concrete and high-strength steel bars, and two specimens were subjected to bilateral deformations hence one specimen was subjected to Unilateral deformation. Both specimens subjected to bilateral deformations began shortening just after the occurrence of compression failure of cover concrete and showed tremendously poor deformation capacity. Test and finite fiber analytical results concerning the shortening and restoring force showed excellent correlation. Finally, the paper clearly ・ describes the factors causing deterioration in strength and deformation capacity.
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Hisahiro HIRAISHI, Eiichi INAI, Akira YAGENJI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
127-138
Published: December 30, 1993
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A deformation capacity is formulated in this paper for seismic design of reinforced concrete columns. It is determined by two criteria. One is the stable limit which was defined in the authors' previous paper. The other is a particular deformation point with a cyclic deterioration in lateral load-carrying capacity and a development of axial shortening in columns under cyclic loadings, discussed here in detail. With the formulas, the effects of the axial stress level at the section and the characteristics of the stress-strain curve of concrete on deformation capacity of columns are able to be evaluated.
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Yasuhiro UCHIDA, Isao MITANI, Akio KADONO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
139-149
Published: December 30, 1993
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For a steel structure subjected to the fluctuating horizontal forces caused by strong earthquakes, the accumulation of deformation plays as a key parameter to evaluate the restoring force characteristics deteriorated by such as local buckling. In this study, the axial force is adopted as the constant external force and limits of the axial force to keep the aseismic safety are derived by computations for the square tube steel beam-columns, which are based on conditions of the accumulation of the centroidal axial strain. Validity of limitations is examined by the comparison between analytical and test results.
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Yasuhiro UCHIDA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
151-159
Published: December 30, 1993
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The strength of some structures and their members may be degraded under large repeated loading such as severe earthquake force. The strength degradation must be avoided as carefully as possible to keep the safety of structures. It has been found due to many studies that the strength degradation closely correlates with the accumulation of deformation. In this study, the accumulation of deformation of the beam-column under constant loads' and the repeated loading is investigated analytically, and the stability of accumulation is judged based on the theorem of the second-order work.
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Yasuhiro UCHIDA, Tadashi KOMIKADO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
161-170
Published: December 30, 1993
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In this study, strength deterioration and accumulation of deformation on two-story truss structures subjected to constant forces and repeated loading are investigated. Strength deterioration closely correlates with the accumulation of deformation, therefore the accumulation of deformation is considered to be a key parameter for the safety of structures subjected to repeated loading. The critical constant forces for convergence of the accumulation of deformation are calculated based on the proposed theory. The stability and bifurcation of the accumulation are discussed by using the critical constant force-displacement curves for convergence.
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Hitoshi KUWAMURA, Hiroshi AKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
171-178
Published: December 30, 1993
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Monotonic tension test was performed to find the fibrous crack initiation strain at notches under general yielding condition. The specimens are round bars having a circumferential notch at the center, which were produced from a virgin SM 490 steel plate and its cold-worked plate by giving tensile 10 % -prestrain under atmospheric temperature. It was found that the strain at the onset of fibrous crack can be safely estimated to be the uniform strain of the material. The cold-working significantly reduced the uniform strain of the virgin steel, and thus the fibrous crack initiation strain was markedly reduced in such prestrained steel.
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Satoshi YAMADA, Hiroshi AKIYAMA, Hitoshi KUWAMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 454 Pages
179-186
Published: December 30, 1993
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The load-deformation relationships including post buckling and deteriorating behaviors of wide flange section steel members are investigated in this paper. The analytical method previously proposed for box-section members are applied to wide flange section members based upon the ultimate behavior of stub-columns. The stress-strain curves of stub-columns with wide flange sections are expressed by standerdized width-to-thickness ratios of flange and web plates, which are derived by statistical treatment of previous experiments. The caluculated load-deflection curves of beams and beam-columns coincide very well with experimental results, especially in the deteriorating range.
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 454 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 454 Pages
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