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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 439 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1992
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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 439 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 439 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 439 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 439 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 439 Pages
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Demin FENG, Takao NISHIKAWA, Masayuki KIKUCHI, Makoto WATABE
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
1-11
Published: September 30, 1992
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A hierarchy model is studied to simulate acceleration strong motions quantitatively both in time histories and frequency contents. The hierarchy model is formed by introducing hierarchy property into an earthquake source in addition to the heterogeneity and discontinuity in the rupture process. It is characterized by 1) average stress drop, 2) fault dimension, 3) spatial distribution of the discrete sources, 4) hierarchy order and hierarchy element length ratio. Through simulation studies of acceleration ground motions recorded during the Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake onJuly 9, 1989, present method is found capable to explan the high frequency component up to about 4.0 Hz.
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Seiki NAGAMATSU, Yoshiaki SATO, Yoshinori OHTSUNE
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
13-21
Published: September 30, 1992
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Dynamic drying shrinkage strain-weight loss curves of thin cement paste specimen (4×40×150mm) with various curing times (3, 7, 28 and 104 days) were obtained under the drying condition of 0, 20, 45, 58 and 79 % RH, respectively. These results showed that there was a unique relationship between drying shrinkage strain and water loss, regardless of the age at the start of drying. Water loss and drying shrinkage strain vs. relative humidity were obtained for curing times of 3, 7, 28 and 56 days. It was shown that water loss vs. relative humidity curves was deoendent on the amount of hydration products (degree of hydration). Drying shrinkage strain vs. relative humidity curves were also influenced by degree of hydration. Ultimate drying shrinkage strain was nearly proportional to the amount of hydration products which were the source of drying shrinkage.
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Yuji OHASHI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
23-32
Published: September 30, 1992
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This paper deals with the Architect Law of Japan and structural safety of buildings, and shows the legal basis of the law, regulations about building designers before the law and the history of the establishment of the law. The drafts codes which had structural calculation standards and were made before Urban Building Law regulated qualification of designers who have structural knowledge. In the time of the Urban Building Law, there were no qualification laws of designers. Without such laws, there were few problems. The Architect Law was established in 1950. This law requires structural knowledge for designers.
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Tasuhiro OHTSUKA, Takuji KOBORI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
33-48
Published: September 30, 1992
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This paper investigates the characteristics of nonlinear wave propagation in inhomogeneous media. The density of the inhomogeneous medium treated herein is assumed to change slowly in the spatial direction. An approach utilizing the Soliton Theory is proposed to analyze nonlinear wave phenomena in (simple) inhomogeneous media. The results are summarized as follows : The final equation for a plane wave propagating in a 1-dimensional finite elastic medium with inhomogeneity is represented by the modified K-dV equation including the dissipative term. From numerical analyses, the number of scattering solitary waves due to the medium's inhomogeneity increases with the intensity of the inhomogeneity.
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Yuji MIYAMOTO, Kenji MIURA, Ronald F SCOTT, Behnam HUSHMAND
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
49-63
Published: September 30, 1992
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Dynamic centrifugal tests were performed for a pile foundation model to develop an understanding of pile foundation response in nonlinear liquefiable soil and to provide data for verification of an earthquake response analysis method during strong earthquakes. Centrifugal test results indicate that pile foundation response in liquefiable sand is greatly affected by soil behavior due to large ground displacement and excess pore water pressure build up. The numerical model which consists of beam elements and nonlinear lateral Winkler springs, taking into account the changing effective stress, is discussed by comparing predicted results with measured results.
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Yuji ISHIYAMA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
65-72
Published: September 30, 1992
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If the four basic parameters to define seismic design forces, i. e. seismic shear, seismic shear coefficient, seismic force and seismic coefficient, are defined as functions of normalized weight, the relationships between these parameters are mathematically given. A uniform shear type elastic body fixed at the base is analyzed in order to explain the base shear and the distribution of the shear along the height of a building. Lumped mass systems are also analyzed and the formula to give an appropriate distribution of seismic shear was proposed. Tower-on-a-base type buildings, whose base shear and the distribution of the shear are very different from those of the other types of buildings, are analyzed. Finally, the design method for a tower-on-a-base type building is proposed.
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Koichiro ASANO, Masako HIRAMATSU
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
73-80
Published: September 30, 1992
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The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical approach to the estimation of random response of the multi-story base isolated structure with the viscous damping and the hysteretic damping characteristics. The stochastic second order moment of an earthquake response of the multi-story base isolated structure are obtained by solving a simple simultaneous first order algebraic equation. The optimum damping characterisitics of the base isolation system are determined by the solution of extreme value problem for the objective function defined as the combination of the stochastic earthquake response of the superstructure.
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Kohji TOKIMATSU, Yasuo MIYADERA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
81-87
Published: September 30, 1992
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Short-period microtremors are observed at two sites using arrays. It is found that their variation with frequency of amplitude ratio between horizontal and vertical motions is stable during a 24-hour period and is similar to that of Rayleigh waves, and that the frequencies at which the amplitude ratio becomes the maximum correspond to the natural periods of the sites. The frequency wavenumber spectrum analysis of microtremor vertical motions yields Rayleigh wave dispersion curves which reflect the shear structures of the sites. These findings suggest that site effects can be reliably estimated by extracting Rayleigh wave characteristics from microtremors.
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Tsuneyoshi NAKAMURA, Ikuo KOSAKA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
89-101
Published: September 30, 1992
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An efficient method of dual criteria design of inelastic frames for specified seismic design strain and ductility is presented on the basis of the authors' method of seismic strain-constrained design of elastic frames. The latter enables one to find the set of bending stiffnesses of a frame such that the SRSS strain of every member with a specified depth due to a set of design spectrum-compatible earthquakes would be equal to a specified value. Each frame designed for a set of specified smooth distribution of column-end strains and a set of specified uniform distribution of beam-end strains is shown to exhibit a fairly uniform distribution of storey ductility indices under Level 2 design earthquakes. These characteristics are utilized conveniently in the method of dual criteria design of an inelastic frame for specified design strain and ductility.
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Takashi UEKI, Shiro KATO, Yoichi MUKAIYAMA, Masaaki SHOMURA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
103-110
Published: September 30, 1992
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The present research aims at a formulation to estimate the ultimate strength of jl reticular arch of folded-plate geometry. The method of estimation is based on a concept of both an elastic statican alysis and a linear eigenvalue analysis. The validity of the estimating method is discussed by refering to the geometrically and materially non-linear analysis of the structure. Several comparative analyses are performed to know the effects of the rise of arch and size of members. Also the effects of bending rigidity at ends of members, initial member crookedness, initial nodal imperfections, nor-uniform loading and supporting conditions are studied.
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Shiro KATO, Masaaki SHOMURA, Ryoichi SHIBATA, Takashi UEKI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
111-119
Published: September 30, 1992
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The present study discusses a method to estimate the elasto-plastic buckling loads for single layer reticular domes on circular plan. First, the buckled element of a reticular dome is determined by a distribution pattern of the strain energy which is calculated through eigen-value analysis. Then normalized slenderness ratio of the element is derived considering the axial force at elastic buckling load. The axial stress of the element at elasto-plastic buckling load is expressed as a function in terms of the normalized slenderness ratio. From the result, it is confirmed that the proposed procedure is effective for design of reticular domes.
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Yusuke MIYAZAKI, Satoru KAZAMA, Junya MURATA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
121-131
Published: September 30, 1992
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This report proposes an analytical method for earth retaining structures subjected to unsymmetrical lateral pressure during excavation. The analytical method we propose is based on the beam-spring model whitch is widely used to design shoring. This method allows integrated calculation of the interaction of opposing retaining walls through the medium of the struts, taking account of the continuity condition of the shearing force in the strut positions. This report includes a detailed description of this analytical method and the results of a verification study conducted using an actual earth retaining structure subjected to unsymmetrical lateral pressure during excavation.
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Hisahiro HIRAISHI, Eiichi INAI, Tetsuro GOTO, Hiroshi IMAI, Yoshikazu ...
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
133-144
Published: September 30, 1992
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This paper examines the methods for evaluating the characteristics of the seismic behavior of wall columns in the longitudinal direction of high-rise reniforced concrete frame structures, based on test results of forty-one specimens. As the result of investigation, it is verified that the stiffness, the crack strength and the ultimate strength of wall columns can be estimated by the equations which are currently used for columns or walls. And, a new desigh chart for the ranks of deformation capacity of the standard wall columns, which is determined by the axial stress level and the depth-to-width ratio, is proposed in this paper.
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Akira WADA, Kenichi HAYASHI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
145-152
Published: September 30, 1992
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In general steel truss structures, the natural frequency of a member is sufficiently high in comparison to the lower level frequencies of the structure. Therefore, a member does not usually resonate with the structure. The natural frequency of a member tends to be reduced by compressive force. In case that compression force comes close to Euler's buckling load or a part of member reaches plastic region, its frequency is particularly reduced to the range of structure's lower level frequencies. For clarifying nonlinear dynamic behaviors of truss structures, this, paper estimates the resonant behaviors of the members under a large axial force and lateral vibration.
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Hiroaki MIMURA, Kuniaki UDAGAWA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
153-163
Published: September 30, 1992
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The inelastic behavior of steel frames with a composite beam was investigated from expriments and numerical analyses. Moment capacities of composite beams under monotonic and cyclic loadings were nearly equal to those from subassemblage tests. Although, rotation capacities were slightly inferior to those from the subassemblage tests. Movement of the inflection point of the.composite beam with moment connection was about 0.2 times the half-length of the beam, and with shear connection was abuot 0.4 times. The ductilities of the frame with the moment connection baem were 0.65 to 0.85 times those of the composite beams in the plastic region.
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Toshirou SUZUKI, Toshiyuki OGAWA, Takashi FUKASAWA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
165-175
Published: September 30, 1992
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In the present study, we proposed the design formula of chord members of X-type tubular truss beams with branch joints. This formula is derived from the modified lateral buckling conditional equation obtained by the energy method, taking the constrained effect of rigid joints at crosing points of bracing members obtained by the results of the eigenvalue analyses into consideration. And also, we clarified quantitatively this effect to the lateral buckling behavior by the resuluts of the experiments and the non-linear analyses. Cosequently, we confirmed validity of the used assumptions and the proposed design formula.
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Atsuhide HASHIMOTO, Tomohisa YAMADA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
177-187
Published: September 30, 1992
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Internal defects, which are nonmetalic inclusions etc., in steel plate cause the damages inside of the plate after welding. These do not only decrease plate's thickness direction tensile properties of steel plate itself, but increase danger of cracking of plate in parallel with plate's surface after welding. In this paper, we proposed 4 kinds of testing methods for discriminating steel plates with internal defects from nondefective ones. These tests are V-notch splitting test, compression test, bend test, and three-point bend test. Also we clarified that these tests are useful for the discrimination by comparing with Ultrasonic test results and plate's thickness direction properties of steel plate.
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Kazuhiko KAKUDA, Nobuyoshi TOSAKA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 439 Pages
189-198
Published: September 30, 1992
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A new finite element scheme is proposed to solve numerically incompressible viscous flow problems for high Reynolds number governed by the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. This scheme serves in the finite element formulation based on the Petrov-Galerkin method using exponential weighting function. The unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are discretized by the semi-explicit scheme with respect to a time variable. As the computational scheme, the fractional step method which is one of the time splitting techniques is used effectively in this study. The validity of the proposed method is shown by numerical solutions of several flow problems.
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 439 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 439 Pages
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