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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 450 Pages
Toc1-
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Hiroshi FURUYA, Kazutoshi FUJIMOTO, Masahiro NAKAGAWA, Yasuyuki FUKUHA ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
1-8
Published: August 30, 1993
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A balcony overhang is frequently set up in auditoria. The sectional shape of the under-balcony space is one of the most important factors for good acoustics in auditoria. The acoustical properties under the overhang, however, have not been clarified yet and there is so far no generally accepted criteria for acoustical design of the balcony configuration. The object of this study is to make clear the relation between the shape of the balcony and the acoustical properties. As the first step, the strength of direct-sound component including the diffraction waves from the edge of the overhang is theoretically and experimentally examined. A new approximate expression is presented for calculating the direct-sound energy under the balcony on the assumption that the balcony is a thin half-plane. According to this approximation, the direct-sound level can be represented by means of two parameters concerning to the fundamental dimensions of auditorium with a balcony. Numerical computations present a chart showing the relation among the direct-sound level and these parameters. And numerical calculations and model experiments show that the accuracy of this approximation is good.
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Yoshiharu ASANO, Yusuke SHINODA, Ryuichi TAKENAKA, Tetsuzan NAKADA, Ei ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
9-17
Published: August 30, 1993
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The test membrane structure was constructed with the glued laminated wood for structure use, in liyama city, that is extraordinary sonwy area in Japan. Snow removal experiments were practiced in natural conditions, in winter season of 1991-1992, and the characteristics of wood were investigated. We obtained the following results. ( 1 ) Two patterns of snow slip manners were certified. The first pattern was named as the whole slip-type. Snow at the bottom of roof was broken loose, and after few minutes, the whole snow on the roof was slipped down in a moment. The other pattern was named as the part slip-type. Many cracks were occured on the drifted snow, and the snow pieces were slipped down in step by step. ( 2 ) The method used in snow melting was useful to reduce the snow on the membrane. The efficiency was obtained by the heat quantities absorbed into the snow. ( 3 ) The glued laminated wood was suited for the structure material in snowy and cold area.
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Yasunori AKASHI, You MATSUO, Akihiro NAGATA, Toshiyuki WATANABE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
19-27
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper is concerned with identification of thermal static and dynamic characteristic values using measured data. A building thermal behavior is expressed as a mathematical model for a system on the basis of several inputs and a single output signals. The determination of system parameters is based on a simple least-squares technique. This system identification method is applied to the measured data about air conditioning equipments, outdoor and indoor thermal environments of an office building, and the calculated extraction load using identified values of the system parameter corresponds with measured extraction load well.
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Akira HOYANO, Kazuo UCHIYAMA, Mamoru YOKOYAMA, Yutaka KASAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
29-37
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper describes the fundamental studies on detecting delamination in walls by using thermal image. Firstly, It was made clear that probability of detecting delamination in various types of walls, and the thickness of delamination layer and mortar layer can be estimated from the time and the value of maximum temperature difference between normal portion and delaminated portion. Secondly, we proposed an image processing method for detecting delamination in walls and confirmed the effectiveness of this method from experimental results. In this method, thermal influence of pollution and crack on the surface can be eliminated by using thermal image in 5. 5〜7. 9μm wavelength region and an image of surface temperature distribution which was simulated heat balance using a digital image of visible rays.
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Takamitsu HIRANE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
39-46
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper is to make clear in outline of deaf schools on the level throughout the country in 1990s. The factors might supposedly exhibit the characteristics of deaf schools are as follows : 1) In deaf schools which have 4 departments and in which early-age education for such children of no less than 3 years of age is executed, babies, young children, children, and juveniles whose age cover a wide renge from 0 to 21 study in a same school, where great gaps are evidently noticed in such people's ability judging from physical and intelligent development. 2) In grades and classes having just the average number of narrowly several pupils per grade in every department, education is executed with an almost person-to-person teaching system by teachers and pupils.
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Katsuusuke ASAKA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
47-56
Published: August 30, 1993
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In Japan is a total of sixteen sanatoriums for Hansen's disease, including national and privatefacilities. This paper reports a historical study of the crematoriums used at the death of patientsin those sanatoriums. In former times, each of many sanatoriums had a crematorium of its own asan attached facility, and this state has been studied in detail. It is then pointed out that in thesedays, the use of a nearby public crematorium is increasing because of the decrease in the discriminative and prejudiced view of the general public. The special circumstances as to the fournational sanatoriums still preserving attached crematoriums, have also been investigated.
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Shoji IMAI, Yoshihiro MAEDA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
57-62
Published: August 30, 1993
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We investigated the layout of in-patients' goods and behavior in 4-beds rooms of 3 hospitals and 2 nursing-homes. And these data are analyzed for the difference in the position of bed and bed-side table. Some conclusions are follows ; Many patients place their goods beside bed-side table. And those patient who place the bed-side table between beds, use properly both bed-sides. The side between beds is used openly for active behavior, and opposite is used privately.
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Takeo KAWAKITA, Takamitsu AZUMA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
63-74
Published: August 30, 1993
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The spatial composition of reinforced concrete houses designed by Japanese architects for individual clients is typologically analyzed and the formative factors of each composition type are investigated. Initially, external appearances of the houses are categorized as types through analysis of the' relationships of formal components. Subsequently, the. relation between the external appearance and the interior space is analyzed. Finally, spatial composition types which synthesize both results are defined.
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Ken NUNOTA, Hideo NAOI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
75-82
Published: August 30, 1993
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Visibility of steps for stair users is one of important factors which affect the rate of stair accident. In this paper, we report experimental results about the effect by several prominent factors on the visibility; the effect by tile-joint patterns and the other patterns of tread surface, the effect by chamfer shapes of nosing, and the effect by lightness and illuminance of tread surface.
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Isami KINOSHITA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
83-92
Published: August 30, 1993
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This Part 2 set purpose on analyzing the role of natural spaces in rural areas for children's environmental study through their own play activities, as it is continuing from Part 1. This study tried to make a survey of hearing to the people who had been grown up at same areas through three generations. As a conclusion, these following argument has derived : The natural spaces provide multiple context for children's play, connecting other elements and activities. It reveals on the talks which people explain their memories of experiences they got through play at their childhood age. These context of their talking shows the role of natural spaces for bringing up children. Especially river streams and mountains of neighborhood, has been played great role for environmental education as it is shown on image maps of three generations at this survey.
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Keiji SATO, Akira MATSUYAMA, Yuka AMANO, Shinichi WAKI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
93-102
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper is a report of a study on the ways of practical use of Community Renewal Regulation, for Improvement of Houses and Housing Environment on high densely residential areas where have many older-houses and no infrastructures. We classified the patterns of each action area's improvement programmes based on this Regulation by purpose of action and improvemental method. In this study, we found that this Regulation is mainly usefull for purchasing and demolishing older and unfit houses to live in, and planning and building some small parks, assembly houses and footpathes. But it is not so usefull for planning infra-structures and redeveloping commercial areas as Land Readjustment Action and Town Redevelopment Action. And we found that in such areas, as a result of its character, this regulation has been used as a assistant of Land Readjustment Action or. Town Redevelopment Action.
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Yoshio TANAKA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
103-112
Published: August 30, 1993
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"Kasaku Tatekata Jomoku" is important as germination of the .modern building codes system in Japan. This paper investigates the enacting conditions of this code, and reports the following points. (1) Kanagawa Prefecture was aiming at the promotion of urban sanitation, mainly owing to a proposal of D.B. Simmons (1872). (2) Kanagawa Prefecture put an urban renewal project into practice in 1873 as a part of (1), and enacted "Kasaku Tatekata Jomoku" as the building rules of the new urban area. (3) I am convinced that the governor, Oe chiefly promoted enacting this building code.
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Hiroshi MIMURA, Bon LIM, Hyo-Jin YOON, Seiyu HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
113-119
Published: August 30, 1993
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It is necessary to make the system for the preservation and succession of KYO-MACHIYA and its townscape in the historical centre of Kyoto. We have tried to survey and analyze the style of KYO-MACHIYA and the pattern of KAIWAI which is a unit of 10 buildings facing both sides of the street. We have classified KYO-MACHIYA style to 7 types, and understood the distribution of KYO-MACHIYA and the character of KAIWAI.. As the results, we found 4 KAIWAI patterns and the basic way of registering KYO-MACHIYA, and got the clue of supportive policy to form the townscape.
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Tomoko IKEDA, Akira KONNO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
121-130
Published: August 30, 1993
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The purpose of this Study is to understand the landscape from mental image. We can understand the features of the landscape through the analysis of words and phrases used in the literature works. The Case Study from the novel entitled 'The town where there is a castle' showed the following findings : 1) Mental landscape in the text can be descrived by several patterns. 2) The method to understand landscape from literature works can be advanced as a one of methods to understand mental landscape.
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Masahiro MISHIMA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
131-140
Published: August 30, 1993
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The Japanese Government erected its pavilion, modeled after the main hall of Horynji Temple, at the Paris International Exposition in 1900. The pavilion is important as one of the first buildings not simply modeled after a famous historical structure, but one that also combined different periodical details from the model. This paper reports the facts below. The model's purpose was to represent the length of Japanese history. The pavilion's design was inspired by the exhibition inside which was the collection of Japanese art from each historical period. The important part of the design was done by Tadamasa Hayashi.
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Rintaro KAWAMICHI, Tomoko HASHITERA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
141-149
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper traces the source and the basic idea of the concept of "Nihon-shumi (Japan-taste)". Chuta Itoh dealt with architectural style in his graduation thesis of the 25th year of Meiji. He discussed the connection between architectural style and taste, and defined architectural style by using the concept of "national taste" in it. Itoh quoted the word "national taste" which Fenollosa and others had used in their books, and conceptualized it by making use of the concept of taste in the field of psychology and aesthetics. The concept of "Nihon-shumi" originated from this Itoh's idea, and was founded on the basis of the idea which defined architectural style in connection with taste.
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Yasuhiko NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
151-160
Published: August 30, 1993
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NAKAMURA Yoshihei is one of Japanese colonial architects. In 1912 he established Nakamura Kenchiku-jimusho (architect and associaites) in Seoul, and in 1917 he opened a branch and department of construction in Dalny. In 1919 an Austrian architect whose name was Anton FELLER was employed by NAKAMURA, then he designed some buildings adopting German secession style. In 1922 NAKAMURA moved into Japan, established Nakamura Komusho (contructor) in Tokyo. This paper makes his works clear and estimates his three achievements on the history of Japanese modern architecture. Firstly, he is one of the earliest colonial Japanese architects, secondly he contributed to modernizing buidings in his country Shizuoka Pref., thirdly he had teached housing, history of architecture and city planning in two colleges since 1923.
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Keon Ha LEE, Akira NAITHO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
161-167
Published: August 30, 1993
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the system of stone wall planning of Castles in Korea. This study is based on the methods of analysis from the Hwasung-Sungyuk-Eukwe (HSE). The HSE is the document of the construction of the Hwa castle (Suwon Castle), which was built in 1796, the second half of the chosun Dynasty (1392-1910) in Korea. The HSE offers many facts about the building system of the Chosun Dynasty, stone wall construction system; the supply system of the building materials, the building expenses and the organization of the workers. This is the first step for studying the system of Oriental Castle planning.
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Kaya OKU
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
169-177
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper analyzes the design methods in the Schroder house (1924) executed by the Dutch architect G. Th. Rietveld (1899-1964). The compositional principles which underlies the house design are examined through the analysis of 'Cartesian Coordinate System (joint system)' and 'Use of colour' which characterizes a series of his furniture design from 1918 to 1923. It indicates that Rietveld attempted to realize the simplicity, clarity, and flexibility of spatial expression in his first independent architecture by the application of technical skills which have been developed in his early furnitures.
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Yasuhiko NISHIGAKI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
179-189
Published: August 30, 1993
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I try to make the meaning of T'oe-gye's dwelling place clear through his poem named 'Wanak-je (玩樂齋)'. We can see that the meaning of dwelling for T'oe-gye is to stay in the state of '敬' and to get at '理'. All of our wisdom is hold in '敬', and it superintends our '心'. When we stays in the state of '敬' for a long time, inner place and outer place are interpenetrated each other. At that time we can realize ourselves, and all things reveal their own original character. At the same time the ideal dwelling place is realized by getting at '無極而太極' that is both transcendental and immanent.
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 450 Pages
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