【Abstract】In my research on Garuda, I found that Birds symbolize the sky and the sun, and snakes symbolize the two opposing elements of the universe, earth and water. The symbolism that makes birds and snakes oppose concepts in the universe was born in Mesopotamia. I hypothesized that this way of thinking hid in people’s subconscious, spread throughout the Eurasian continent, and became deeply ingrained in the basic culture of society.

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【Abstract】Ever since early centuries, most of the regions of Southeast Asia had been exposed to the classical Indian civilization and the local peoples have adopted it and established their own style of states. This phenomenon is known as Indianization. In Java and Bali, Indonesia, the local culture known as Hindu-Javanese culture has been formed based on the Indian prototype and peculiar syncretic culture had flourished until it was replaced by the Islamic power in the 15th century. Hindu-Javanese culture has been transplanted into Bali by the Javanese refugees. This paper depicts the major events of Hindu-Javanese period throughout its history.

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Abstract】As part of the compilation of the Mobara City History, a comprehensive survey of Buddhist statues in Mobara City has been underway since July 2019. During the survey conducted on July 15, 2020, we were able to examine the seated Jizo Bodhisattva statue (hereinafter referred to as the Otokuji statue) of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism at Otokuji Temple in Hayano, Mobara City. As has been known for some time, the Otokuji statue is a typical statue with hanging robes, and its style suggests that it was created in the 14th century, which could be considered the heyday of the statue. The refined form should be highly evaluated as an indication of the skill of the Kamakura Buddhist sculptors of the time, but the fact that it has never undergone any major repairs since its creation and that it has retained its original appearance, including parts of the pedestal, makes it a valuable art history resource. Furthermore, it is interesting that the loose joints make it possible to remove the head and legs, allowing the structure of the statue, including the body, to be clearly observed. Here, I will examine the Otokuji statue in detail, point out that it is a statue made by a workshop known as the Takuma school2, and explore the background of its making while considering its relationship with other hanging-robe statues.

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【Abstract】I carry out the reading which led the “account of the future” of the “Shitenno-ji luck” from Shinran’s Wasan. If doing it so, “the account of the future” of the “Shitenno-ji luck” will turn into “an account of the future” of Prince Shotoku and Moriya. Furthermore, it becomes “the account of the future” of Prince Shotoku and Shinran. Next, it becomes Shinran’s own “account of the future.” Next, it becomes Prince Shotoku’s own “account of the future.” Next, it becomes “the account of the future” of a person with a bad man’s consciousness. It is becoming our own “account of the future.” Thus, “the account of the future” understands all people. There are some which cause it and it is work of this Primal Vow. I make it such and consider the relation between Shinran’s Prince Shotoku faith and faith of a Pure Land. I consider the compatibility of how to treat Shinran’s bad man by it. In that case, I carry out the reading which led the “account of the future” of the “Shitenno-ji luck” from Shinran’s Wasan. I could say that I am compatible by it.

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(Research Note) At the 2023 AEFA general meeting, we requested a video letter report from Midori Iwamoto of Innovation of Khmer Traditional Textiles Organization (IKTT), who is working on the revival oftraditional textiles in Cambodia. As part of the materials, she introduced Cambodian traditional textiles and local activities in three parts. I would like to introduce the requested text and the encounter with Mr. Kikuo Morimoto, the founder of this activity.

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