Older people are susceptible to heat stroke due to reduced heat tolerance, which is maintained by the interplay of the regulatory mechanisms of body temperature, fluids, and circulation. Body temperature regulation involves autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory responses based on temperature signals received from various parts of the body, under the control of the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus of the brain. In older people, these responses become insufficient because of reduced temperature sensitivity. In a hot environment, sweat is crucial in heat dissipation by depriving the body of heat by evaporation; however, aging causes a decline or delay in this function, leading to an increase in body temperature. Because sweat originates from bodily fluids, a reduction in the skin’s circulation that supplies these fluids results in decreased sweating. Moreover, older people are at a higher risk of dehydration because they tend to drink less water due to diminished thirst sensations and have difficulty replenishing fluid losses caused by increased sweating. Thus, active encouragement and support for maintaining hydration are important for older people, which might mitigate the risk of various aging-related diseases. Studies have shown that sweating and skin blood flow responses improve with heat acclimatization, although not to the same extent as in younger people. Essentially, engaging in exercise and other forms of habituation is recommended. When participating in activities in a hot environment, the body should be kept cool through methods and timing that are appropriate to the situation. Heatstroke causes impaired or loss of consciousness and affects central thermoregulatory functions, making it difficult for affected individuals to escape the heat by themselves. Therefore, the onset of heatstroke must be recognized when early subjective symptoms of heat exhaustion occur.

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The effects of a slim type on physical strength and athletic ability, and ways to assess them, have yet to be established. Reports on slim school-age children are particularly rare, one reason for which is the amount of data on slim people that needs to be ensured statistically. In this study, we closely examined physique, physical strength, and athletic ability over time from a large-scale survey over seven years （2013 to 2019 school years）, and obtained measurement results for second-year junior high school students. The items measured were the physique items of height, weight, and BMI, and the physical strength and athletic ability items of grip strength, repeated side jumps, sit and reach, sit-ups, 50 m run, standing long jump, 20 m shuttle run, and handball throw. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the trends over time in the mean value and standard deviation of each of these physical strength and athletic ability items, and the constructed span evaluation chart was used in evaluating the physical strength and athletic ability of the slim subjects. The height, physical strength, and athletic ability of slim boys and girls in the second year of junior high school, which were judged from an aging span evaluation chart for BMI devised by Fujii,^6） were applied to this evaluation chart, The physical strength and athletic ability of these slim students were then evaluated. As a result of this approach, the evaluation of physical strength and athletic ability in slim second year junior high school students derived in this study is not reported based on estimates as in the past. We found that in boys and girls grip strength, and in boys the 50m run and handball throw, were clearly “somewhat below average”. We therefore submit that an evaluation of physical strength and athletic ability in slim junior high school students has been established in this study.

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This study investigated the effects of vibration foam rolling （VFR） intervention on the lower limb muscles immediately after prolonged tennis play. Twelve female collegiate tennis players participated in two trials in a random order. In one trial, VFR intervention was applied to the lower limb muscle groups immediately after 140 minutes of tennis play （VFR condition）. In the other trial, no intervention was applied, and the participants rested in a sitting position （control condition）. The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, muscle hardness and pressure pain threshold of the lower leg muscle group, countermovement jumping height （CMJ）, and subjective fatigue level of the lower limb were measured in this study. Measurements were obtained before playing tennis, immediately after playing tennis, and immediately after VFR intervention. In the VFR condition, muscle hardness and subjective fatigue of the lower leg were significantly reduced compared to those in the control condition. However, there were no significant differences in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion or CMJ between the conditions. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that VFR intervention for the lower extremity muscle group immediately after prolonged tennis play improves the muscle hardness of the lower leg muscle group and the subjective fatigue level of the lower limb. However, the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, pressure pain threshold of the lower leg muscle group, and CMJ may not be affected.

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The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of resilience among nursing students who enrolled during the corona disaster. A total of 165 responses were obtained from students affiliated with two nursing colleges in prefecture A using a self-administered, unmarked questionnaire. The basic attributes were compared across different grades using simple tabulation, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi-square test. Furthermore, the two-dimensional resilience scale was assessed across grades using simple tabulation and the Mann-Whitney U test. In addition, a multiple regression analysis using the stepwise method was conducted with resilience as the dependent variable and basic attributes and social support as independent variables. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that all subfactors of acquired resilience were associated with friend support, highlighting its significance in fostering resilience.

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This study aimed to examine the impact of the introduction of Global low trials in 2021 on the use of punts during the Top League 2021 and League One 2021/22 seasons in Japan. This was verified using mixed methods. We analyzed quantitative changes in 1,447 and 2,761 punts in the 2021 and 2022 season, respectively, in six categories; time, area, start of possession, R/Ms, position, and type. We conducted a questionnaire survey among nine performance analysts who belonged to League One teams. We asked about changes in the use of punts between 2021/22 seasons, and if respondents answered “increased,” we set questions about the situations in which their use was increasing.
The results showed that the use of punts increased with the introduction of Global low trials, and its effectiveness increased. The use of punts in the 20-40 min of the first half and that from one’s own area increased compared to the 2021 season. Additionally, “long kicks to the center of the field” and “high punts to the in-goal” are used as new tactics. Furthermore, the effectiveness of “liner” kicks in fewer phases from lineouts and scrums is increasing, and in kick counters, it is necessary to scan the space behind the defensive line, especially if kicking back. Recently, the use of punts has increased, with area kicks from the center and wing, grubber kicks, and short punts becoming more common.

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