A room temperature set-point of 28℃ is recommended in summer. However, occupants entering an office room from outdoors tend to be dissatisfied with the temperature setting of 28℃. To solve this problem, Kuno proposed the "cool room" concept. To verify the effect of using a cool room, we conducted three step experiments. In these experiments, first, subjects stayed outdoors for 30 min in the shade, and then, they stayed in an office space for 10 min (5 min in Exp. III). Subsequently, they moved to the cool room having a temperature setting of 24℃ or 26℃. The subjects then returned to the first room and stayed there for 30 min (60 min in Exp. III). Through the experiments, we confirmed the effect of the cool room on the subjects, such as a decrease in sweat rate. In addition, we found that for an outdoor temperature of over 33℃, the optimum duration for staying in the cool room having a temperature of 24℃ was 20 min, and for an outdoor temperature of under 33℃, the optimum duration in the cool room was 5 min.

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Our objective is to examine the method used for maintaining a sanitary and healthy environment in welfare facilities for the elderly. Four welfare facilities in summer and two facilities in winter were evaluated in this study. The results of continuous measurements of six factors, namely air temperature, relative humidity, air flow rate (velocity), CO, CO_2, and particle matter and the results of measurements of volatile organic compounds are presented in this report. Further, we have examined the relationship between odor and population density in the rooms. From the results of continuous measurements, it can be said that the private wards are always maintained at high temperature during summer. In addition it can be said that the humidity in the rooms is considerably low in winter. In the day rooms the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the rooms became considerably high and the concentrations increase with an increase in the population densities. The concentrations of ammonia and acetaldehyde have a certain relationship with the population density in the room. Acetone appeared to originate from the people present in the room, and toluene appeared to originate from the movement of automobiles outside the room. Further, p-dichlorobenzene appeared originated from insecticide used on the clothes, and the presence of other VOCs could be attributed to the furniture in the room. The various odors have also been evaluated in this paper. Representative odor matters are selected and analyzed. 10 odor matters are analyzed in each area of the facilities. It is concluded that the actual condition of the facilities should be reflected in the design of the air-conditioning and ventilating system.

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Recently, High-performance window systems such as double-skin facades and airflow windows have been applied to several buildings. The thermal performance of these window systems has been difficult to evaluate because their performance varies with the combination of window components used and is affected by the outdoor climate. On the basis of the field measurements, we developed an annual heat-load calculation program for these window systems; this program includes both an airflow network model for estimating the ventilation air volume and a thermal-optical model for estimating the solar absorption for each component. This program enables us to design the optimal combination of window components and ventilation openings.

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