All issues
Volume 53, Issue 11
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1397
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1602K) -
Yoshinobu Kojima, Mitsuaki Kubota1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1398-1403
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pulp and paper industry has been called heavy energy-consuming industry. Since the repeated oil price hike, we had improved our efficiency by reducing energy unit per production, fuel conversion and increasing power self-sufficiency. As a result, the ratio of cost for buying energy to the total production cost was reduced enormously. But some energy consuming factors such as variety of paper, improving quality and environmental protection have been making energy unit cost level off for last few years.
On the other hand, new reduced target of CO2, emission for each country was agreed at COP 3 held in Kyoto, and to achieve this target saving energy law was revised.
The Japanese Pulp and Paper industry lays out the Self-imposed Action Plan for Environment and copes with the global warming issues spontaneously.View full abstractDownload PDF (2232K) -
Newly Developed Screen “Gran Flow” and its ApplicationTakeshi Kanazawa1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1404-1416
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuality requirement of recycling pulp is recently getting stricter, and on the contrary, quality of waste paper as a raw material is getting worse rapidly. Accordingly screen processes of recycling paper treatment plant are faced to be more complicate for the purpose of improvement of contaminant removal. As the result, the required power ratio of screening processes has become large portion against total power consumption of the system, for instances, about 20 to 30% in case of deinking plant and 40 to 50% in case of brown grade waste paper plant. The “Gran Flow” is a newly developed screen, which can reduce the power consumption by about half. Not only power saving, but also dramatic sticky removal will be achieved. We believe the common sense for screening technology shall be changed rapidly with the new technology of the “Gran Flow”.View full abstractDownload PDF (10363K) -
Yasuyoshi Suzuki1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1417-1422
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNKG corporation has been continuously developing high-efficiency centrifugal fans for industrial use for over 30 years and has established a unique design method to achieve 10%15 % improvement of fan efficiency compared with commonly known figures among Japanese industries. With the developed design, NKG has replaced as many as 500 fans to this date to save energy.
In general, improvement of impellers is still well-known measures for energy saving. However, its effect is rather limited, because dimensional matching between the impeller and the casing, which is the most important factor of high-efficiency fan, is neglected.
NKG's principle for the energy saving is to replace whole fan unit with a high-efficiency one. However, other measures for further energy saving, such as changing type of impeller, utilizing speed control system or reducing volume and pressure to reasonable levels, are applied to the replacement as the case may be. Usually, the replacement fan is so designed that the existing foundation, the inlet and outlet ducting dimensionally fit with it. Existing motors, dampers and its actuators are fully utilized also.
The study work for energy saving starts by receiving an outline drawing of the existing fan and some other data on its performance from the user. Then, to propose a quotation to the user, NKG prepares a preliminary design of the new high-efficiency fan. If the proposal is found to be acceptable to the user, for final confirmation of the energy saving effect, more detailed study, based on actual operating conditions including reduction of volume and pressure to proper levels, is performed.
Three Examples in Pulp-Paper factories :
1. Hot Air Supply Fan for Paper Dryer
Existing Fan ; 1000 m3 /min×650 mmAq. at 120°C
Replaced with a high-efficiency fan of same volume and pressure.
Result : Energy saving at 650 m3/min (normal operating point) : 27 kW (22% saving)
2. IDF for Recovery Boiler ;
Existing fan ; 5700 m3/ min×285 mmAq at 150°C
Replaced with a high-efficiency fan of reduced volume and pressure ; 5000 m3 /min ×225 mmAq at 150°C
Result ; Energy saving at 90% boiler load ; 84 kW (34% saving)
3. Exhaust fan for Lime Kiln
Existing fan (radial type); 1400 m3 min×1, 050 mmAq at 150°C
Replaced with a high-efficiency turbo fan of the same volume and pressure.
Result ; Energy saving at the rated operating point ; 156 kW (35% saving)View full abstractDownload PDF (1964K) -
Meitoku Kaneshiro1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1423-1428
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDraining devices (steam traps) are generally treated as consumables. The reason ; it has been understood from past experiences that steam traps shall be replaced every 35 years. Steam is produced by boilers. However, whether the produced steam be efficiently used is not too much to be said to fully depend upon the draining devices. Taking this opportunity, the draining devices must be afresh reconsidered and restudied.
Has your company any numerical standard concerning replacement of steam traps ? Or, any other standard in place of numerical standard ?
Steam traps using companies of more than 99% must have actually no standard for such replacement. One of the reasons is that steam traps have been understood for many years to be consumables, however, the essential reason must be that it is very difficult to judge the worsened degree of the steam traps. Isn't the standard for such replacement mostly from the visually judged steam leaking degree ? The most advantageous feature of Steam-Z is to have a capability to keep the initial property of performance over 20 years. This is understood to be a result reached from the reversed conception of orifice usage. More than 10% of fuel costs presently leaking from steam traps.
We are very happy, if this fact be regazed into by utilize our Steam-Z for your future energy saving.View full abstractDownload PDF (2310K) -
Akio Nishiyama, Gantaro Shibagaki1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1429-1437
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) boiler appeared in the second half of the 1970 s. CFB boiler attracted attention that it was possible for the stable burning for the low quality fuel such as biomass and sludge which wasn't possible to burn in the conventional combustion.
From the beginning of 1980 s, CFB boiler started to use for coal burning. It has a potential to use low quality coal which has high ash, high moisture, low volatile matter and low heating value. The low NOx and in-furnace DeSOx were admitted as a new technology for the environment load reduction in the coal burning plant. Therefore, as for the point of the cost performance, it got high evaluation and became the mainstream of the coal combustion. Moreover, the development of a large scale and a high efficiency plant has been progressing in the coal combustion. The large scale CFB boiler for the biofuel applied coal combustion technology has been also carried forward.
With regard to the electricity generation used the city garbage, the high efficiency process is now required as a CO2, reduction technology. Biomass burning experience was applied to this, because city garbage has a high moisture and a high volatile matter like a biomass. The commercial plant to achieve this has already built and operated by Foster Wheeler from the beginning of 1997. In this process, the city garbage is converted to RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel), which is to recovery resources and also for the easy feeding and high performance combustion.
The biomass utilization technologies, which use Foster Wheeler CFB, are not only the above-mentioned direct burning. The gasification technology has been developing from the early days. The development of atmospheric CFB gasifier has started from the beginning of 1980 s, and also pressurized gasifier was from the middle of 1989 s. Both technologies are in the commercial use stage.
In the Foster Wheeler CFB technology used for the energy recovery with the high performance, the biomass and RDF direct burning, the atmospheric gasification for the biomass co-firing with coal and pressurized gasification for biomass IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) are presented in this paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (10423K) -
Masuaki Toyoshima1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1438-1441
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of satisfying the needs for more highly efficient combustion, less pollutive emission and lower initial investment, we have developed Nisseki Clean Burner, aiming at high energy efficiency, less nitrogen oxides emission and less soot emission in any type of heavy fuel oil or kerosene boilers. There are three merits by introducing Nisseki Clean Burmer as follows.
First merit is that this burner permits excess oxygen to be cut by 0.51. 0% without increasing soot emission and achieves 2040 ppm or 1020% reduction of NOx emission at the same level of excess oxygen. Because a vortex is formed around the spray plate by feeding oil into a steam jet from the opposite direction, and this consequently promotes the atomization of oil. This vortex-atomization system makes use of patents we have already got.
Second merit is that this burner makes it possible much higher turn-down ratio (130), which means the changeable range of combustion load, than that of conventional burners by combining characteristics of the vortex formation and the pressure control of the steam jet.
Third merit is that this burner is easily retrofitted to any type of heavy fuel oil or kerosene boilers. We have only to replace burner guns or tips without changing or fixing up furnaces. In addition, burners can be replaced while boilers are in operation.
Nisseki Clean Burner with these merits is highly well evaluated within a lot of customers and its total sales have been growing year by year.View full abstractDownload PDF (1645K) -
Yutaka Kumagai1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1442-1446
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of options for reducing manufacturing costs is to save power pay bills. We have developed a type of steam turbine which can use pressure difference (turbo motor) for this purpose. The paper shows designs of installation, cost merit calculations and examples in industries.View full abstractDownload PDF (1499K) -
Kalina Cycle Generation SystemShinichi Isaka1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1447-1453
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper is intended as a primer on the Kalina Cycle that uses an ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid.
There is an abundant supply of low temperature energy sources and waste heat process streams that are not economically feasible to develop using current technologies. The Kalina cycle's combined higher efficiency and lower cost advantages should make possible the exploitation of new energy resources.View full abstractDownload PDF (4194K) -
Toshiharu Matsumoto1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1454-1461
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early designs of high voltage variable frequency inverters were current source technology that utilized thyristors in the converter and inverter sections. As technology developed, GTOs were used in place of thyristors. Today, IGBTs are the power device of choice when considering high voltage drive technology. The high voltage variable frequency inverters are an efficient and economical method of controlling the speed of induction motors. However, consideration should be given to the sensitivity of periphery devices to power line disturbances. When choosing a drive technology, consideration should be given to the Following areas outlined below :
1. Input current harmonics
2. EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and RFI (Radio Frequency Interference)
3. Motor surge voltage
4. Ground fault current
5. Shaft voltages or bearing currents
In many high voltage drive applications, the drive and motor represent the majority of the load on that electrical system. In that case, the potential of harmonic and electromagnetic interference with periphery equipment is high. In this paper, I will explain harmonic distortion and its detrimental effects on other equipment. I will also present Yaskawa's harmonic-free high voltage drive, the VS-686 HV 5, that has been in production since 1996. I will also present case studies that show energy savings through the use of variable frequency drives on fan pumps and boiler water supply pumps as used in paper mill applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (5255K) -
Yoshiyuki Yoshioka1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1462-1468
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the pulp and paper plant, each machinery equipment has been growing to improve the productivity and quality. In accordance with these improvement, the motive power of the equipment to operate these plant requires more and more motor quantity, and bigger and bigger motor capacity.
On the other hand, to protect the environment the saving energy are required for reducing the consumption of CO2. Therefore high efficiency motor which has remarkable feature for these energy saving highlighted instead of general motors which are most widely used as motive power.
Since the guidance of energy saving law was published in Japan recently, a lot of modernization of process to reduce the energy loss has been studied in pulp and paper industry. From the high efficiency motor point of view, the authorities tends to publish “standardized high efficiency motor”.
From these points, this paper introduces :
·The background that high efficiency motors are required.
·The countermeasures to reduce the motor loss.
·The characteristics and specification of high efficiency motor.
And this paper also introduces Permanent Magnet Motor (synchronous motor) as one example of high efficiency motor.View full abstractDownload PDF (4518K) -
Katsutoshi Kitagawa1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1469-1473
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOur company has been selling the peak-cut & shift type ice storage packaged air conditioner on sale since 1994. Since this system can largely reduce the power consumption without running the compressor during the power peak demand hours, the system is the most suitable for the buildings, factories where the demand control is of concern.
The system features are the following :
1. Power consumption cut ratio of 90% or more during the peak demand hours
At the peak hours, the compressor is stopped, the operation mode is switched to the refrigerant pump mode of the low power consumption (one tenth of that of the compressor power), and the cooling is carried out only by the thermal radiation of the ice accumulated by the electric power at nighttime.
2. 20% cut power consumption except during the peak demand hours
Though the compressor is running, the thermal radiation of the ice accumulated by the electric power during nighttime increases the supercool in order to achieve the economical operation. Thus. even the outdoor unit equivalent to the 10-horsepower class can achieve the capacity of the 13-horsepower class, and this can cut the power consumption by 20%.
3. The ice packing factor is as high as 70%, and the ice storage unit is compact.
In the general use office building, the power consumption is compared between the ordinary package type air conditioner and the ice storage type air conditioner, The test is carried out on two systems of the 10-horsepower class at the same floor : The power consumption and its utility cost of May thru October are compared. As the result, the utility cost of the ice storage system is about two thirds of that of the standard multipurpose building type, total savings is about 166, 000 yen. As shown by the result, the peak-cut & shift type package air conditioner of our company will be the most attractive method to smoothen the electric load. As a manufacturer, our company will try to improve the performance and reduce the cost.View full abstractDownload PDF (3912K) -
Junichi Katayori1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1474-1478
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe FILRECTM process turns mineral loaded reject into profit. The reject of paper mills producing coated or filler containing grades are mainly pigment flakes and coarse filler particle, which are unusable as such. These rejects lead to excess effluent handling, transportation costs and environmental concerns. With the AHLSTROM FILRECTM process, most of these solids can be returned to the paper furnish and only the unwanted material is rejected from the mill.View full abstractDownload PDF (3788K) -
Unmatched Marriage Between Gas Infrared and Air TechnologyGeorges J. Quenard, Shinji Otsuka1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1479-1484
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnidryer combines the advantages of gas infrared and air dryer. In the Unidryer, gas infrared only takes care of energy transfer by radiation to the wed. Air float nozzle of highest technology takes care of mass transfer and web. Air float nozzle of highest technology takes care of mass transfer and web stabilization.
Therefore, Unidryer can reach 65% energy efficiency which is higher than traditional infrared systems (Electric 35/40%, Gas 35/55%) or air dryer (35/40%), and can minimize running cost. As Unidryer has very high water evaporate rate (150 kg H2O/m2/hr, if installed on one side of the web and 250 kg H2O/m2/hr, if installed face to face), space required for machine can be reduced.
Unidryer is the missing keystone that all machine builders have been looking for to design faster, more compact and efficient paper machine.View full abstractDownload PDF (3052K) -
Kiyoshi Hinosawa1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1485-1489
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBoth infrared technologies can achieve similar results in drying, but matching method with application can optimize production, sheet quality.
For drying coating, traditional gas IR system have existed for long years. During the 1980 s, high-intensity electric IR technology become widely used for coating drying and profiling. They are capable of very precise CD moister control and possessed a cool-down time of less the one second. Dose this mean that the two technologies are totally interchangeable? Not at all. Differences factors in choosing between the two are as follows. 1. The objective of the applications. 2. The cost and availability of energy. While gas IR is almost exclusive a drying products, electric IR has more flexibility. It can be used strictly for coating drying-usually immediately following the coater head to quickly set the coating-or for basesheet moisture profiling prior to coating, or for final moisture profiling before reel. The reason electric IR system have this flexibility over gas is largely due to the modulated control ability inherent to electricity. It is relatively easy to segment and electric IR system. And with 0% to 100% power control over each zone. If your are selecting gas IR, it is very important to select from Newer designs. Older emitter designs oxidize and degrade at accelerated rate at normal operating temperature. Newer operate at peak temperature for two years or more, proprietary cleaning method can refurbish these new emitters for useful lives than two years. Considering the above, you can select the best gas or electric IR.View full abstractDownload PDF (1957K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1490
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (166K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1491
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (316K) -
Seung-Young Park, Keiichi Koda, Yuji Matsumoto, Gyosuke Meshitsuka, Ke ...1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1492-1499
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA systematic study on kinetics of delignification and silica removal is necessary for optimization and a control of rice straw pulping process. Delignification and silica removal from four fractions (internode, sheath, blade and ear) of rice straw were kinetically investigated under soda pulping conditions in the temperature ranges from 30 to 70°C and from 100 to 140°C. Both delignification and silica removal by sodium hydroxide treatment were suggested to be a pseudo first order reaction. The delignification progress of rice straw was separated clearly into at least two phases. About 80% delignification was achieved in the first phase even under a mild condition at 80°C under which the degradation reaction of wood lignin was almost impossible to occur. The delignification rates of the internode, sheath and blade are larger than that of ear. It was confirmed that silica removal is a kinetically easier process than delignification under alkali pulping conditions. The rate of silica removal is greater than that of delignification, and the former is easier to increase with increasing temperature. Therefore, it was concluded that complete delignification from rice straw without serious silica removal can not be achieved as long as sodium hydroxide is employed as a cooking reagent. Other components of cell wall (i.e. hemicellulose) had virtually no effect on the kinetic parameters of silica removal.View full abstractDownload PDF (2809K) -
Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on Characteristics of PaperNaoichi Muto, Hidehiko Yamazaki1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1500-1508
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLow energy electron-beam irradiation is useful for curing intaglio printing ink on paper. The effect of the irradiation on characteristics of paper and the graft reaction of the electron-beam reactive divinyl monomer molecules to paper was studied in the previous works.
In this study, another method to prevent paper strength decrease due to electron-beam irradiation was tried. At first, monomer molecules with at least two electron-beam reactive vinyl groups were impregnated into the pores of a pulp sheet. Then, the pulp sheet was irradiated with electron-beam to bring about chemical bonding between one end vinyl group of the monomer and the closely located cellulosic fiber surface. The handsheets were made using the monomer-grafted pulp obtained thus, and were irradiated with 20 kGy electron-beam necessary to cure intaglio ink. As the result the sheet strengths were increased, indicating that the monomer-grafted sheets have enough durability to such level of electron-beam irradiation. The free vinyl groups left after the first irradiation for the monomer-impregnated pulp sheet are supposed to work effectively to make further bonding at the second irradiation for curing ink.View full abstractDownload PDF (6698K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 53 Issue 11 Pages 1509-1510
Published: November 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (330K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|