Baroreflex dysfunction is thought to be a result of both parasympathetic and sympathetic neuropathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Herein, the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and prognosis of orthostatic hypotension (OH) were assessed in 385 NIDDM patients.(1) The prevalence of OH was 15%(n=57).(2) The subjects with OH more frequently had hypertension, and both micro-and macrovascular complications when compared with those of subjects without OH.(3) There was a significant positive correlation between the magnitude of orthostatic decrease in systolic blood pressure and both supine systolic and diastolic blood pres sures.(4) Multivariate analysis established hypertension, aging, duration of diabetes, the coefficient of R-R interval variation and nephropathy as independent risk factors for OH.(5) During the brief observation period, 10 OH subjects, including 3 sudden death cases, died (mortality=65/1000 person-year) indicating a poor prognosis for those with OH.