This study investigated the differences of visuospatial working memory and spatial cognition between volleyball players and non-ball game players. It also investigated how the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（ rDLPFC） work. Visuospatial working memory and spatial cognition were examined by the N-back test（ NBT） and mental rotation test（ MRT）.These tests were carried out to measure a percentage of correct answers and the reaction time. To clarify the relation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（rDLPFC）, each subject was given transcranial direct current stimulation（ tDCS）. As for the percentage of correct answers at MRT and NBT, there was no difference between volleyball players and non-ball using players. However, volleyball players’ reaction time of MRT and NBT are faster than those of non-ball game players. It can be said that there is a possibility of making more use of rDLPFC for volleyball players than other players in spatial cognition and visuospatial working memory, for there is some effect of tDCS in reaction time of NBT and MRT