Schizophrenia has many pathological backgrounds with noted heterogeneity. One such pathological candidate is related to autoimmunity and autoantibodies. Discovery of autoantibodies against the nervous system in autoimmune encephalitis paved the way for the concept of autoimmune psychosis, and autoantibodies against the nervous system have been reported in schizophrenia. This study reviews novel autoantibodies in schizophrenia, including anti‐NCAM1 and anti‐NRXN1 autoantibodies, which are synaptic autoantibodies discovered by us and their discovery approaches. Moreover, we discuss how autoantibodies form the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Clinical research to improve autoantibody pathologies is crucial for these autoantibody pathologies to move beyond hypotheses and be translated into actual clinical practice; furthermore, it is important to integrate these treatments into daily practice.