Xia Mianzun compiled Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s “The journey to China” with the title of “Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s China outlook” in “The short story magazine” published in April 1926. In this paper we examine Xia Mianzun’s translation with the aim of studying Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s view of China. We refer specifically to related historical materials of the same period in order to analyze from multiple perspectives the contents of Akutagawa’s travel journal and his implied opinions. Furthermore, we interpret the journal as important data to gain a deeper understanding of the author and the translator, and of the society of the time.