Journal of The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University

[title in Japanese]

MITSUNORI HIEDA, Keiko Inokuma

2024 Volume 55 Pages 0-
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_0

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The Characteristics of Lai Ching-te's 2024 Presidential Inaugural Speech in Taiwan: A Comparative Analysis with Past Presidents of the Republic of China

Masaki Ienaga

2024 Volume 55 Pages 1-18
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_1

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Lai Ching-te was inaugurated as President in Taiwan on May 20, 2024. Lai was elected as President through democratic elections held in Taiwan, in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of China. Taiwan achieved political democratization in the 1990s. However, before that, it was governed under the one-party rule of the Chinese Nationalist Party. This paper examines the characteristics of Lai's inaugural speech by tracing the changes in frequently used words in the inaugural speeches of successive presidents of the Republic of China from 1948 to 2024.

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Almost even arrangement of points on a spherical surface

Etsushi NAKAGUCHI

2024 Volume 55 Pages 19-34
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_19

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An even (i.e., uniform and equally spaced) arrangement of points on a spherical surface is required in various fields and situations; however, solving this problem, such as the equal division of line segments, circumferences or squares, or the regular triangulation of polygons, does not appear to be straightforward. This study reviews examples of arrangements based on polyhedra, spherical spirals and spherical coordinate grids, as well as the generation of random arrangements and the adjustment of arrangements by mathematical optimization, as methods of arranging points ‘almost’ evenly on the surface of a three-dimensional sphere, and considers what the phrase ‘even arrangement’ should mean.

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Implementing GTIS (GKSK)

From “Topics in Integrated Studies” to “Global Topics in Integrated Studies,” looking back at 14 years of progress

Keiko Inokuma, Mitsunori Hieda, Yoriko Sawano, Tatsuo Fujii, Min Bao, ...

2024 Volume 55 Pages 35-48
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_35

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Tokyo Medical and Dental University’s vision is “cultivating professionals with knowledge and humanity, thereby contributing to people’s well-being,” and its educational objectives are 1) “to provide students with a broad education and a rich sensibility,” 2) “to educate creative people capable of diagnosing and solving problems independently,” and 3) “to train medical professionals with a rich international quality.” To provide the foundation for realizing those ideals, the university offers a comprehensive learning course entitled “Global Topics in Integrated Studies” to all first-year students (approximately 280 in total) after their admittance to the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. This course began in 2011 as “Topics in Integrated Studies,” and was given its current name in 2021 after a revamping of its core components (“basic seminar,” “written literacy,” and “information literacy”) and the introduction of a global perspective. In 2023, the course was revised again to complement the implementation of a new curriculum for the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences as a whole and has continued in this form to the present day. With the aim of presenting an overall picture of Global Topics in Integrated Studies, this article looks back at the fourteen years of its development, which involved all the faculty members and students of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. By doing so, we hope to touch upon the nature and aspirations of our university’s liberal arts education, and in turn record part of the long history of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

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Implementation of experiment-based PBL in physics

MITSUNORI HIEDA

2024 Volume 55 Pages 49-60
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_49

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A technique of active learning, PBL, which is student-centered, places emphasis on the learning process itself, and learners can also learn the methodology of independent learning. The cycle of introduction to the issue, problem identification, self-study, discussion, and problem solving that usually takes place in this PBL is often paper-based. The author, an experimentalist, thought that PBL involving physics experiments instead of paper-based PBL could be implemented to create an attractive PBL class in which students are even more motivated to engage. This paper reports on a trial of experimental PBL conducted as an individual project within the Introduction to Science PBL for the 2017-2019 academic years.

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The Present Situation and Efforts to Address the Digital Divide Among the Elderly Population in China

Min Bao

2024 Volume 55 Pages 61-76
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_61

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The elderly population in China is large and expected to continue to grow as the society ages. Confronted with an era in which science and technology progress at an ever-increasing pace, some Chinese senior citizens are being left behind, unable to integrate fully into the digital age. The digital divide threatens the right of older Chinese to equal access to the digital dividend. In this article, the current status of the digital divide among the elderly in China is analyzed, and measures to eliminate it are considered, taking into account its impact on the older population.

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Abilities of learning and memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.

Yukihisa Matsumoto

2024 Volume 55 Pages 77-88
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_77

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Learning and memory are basic brain functions necessary for animals to adapt to their environment. Insects, which have high learning and memory abilities despite the relatively small number of neurons in their brains, are suitable animals for studying the neural and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory. I developed an experimental paradigm for olfactory associative learning in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus in 1999 and have been studying the neural and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory in insects since then. In this review, I will present our findings from 25 years of research, including the procedures of associative learning in crickets, molecular mechanisms of long-term memory induced by olfactory associative learning, and the advanced abilities of learning and memory in the cricket.

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Chinese Expressions Corresponding to Usages of Japanese To Form

Using translated novels as materials

JIAQI YAN

2024 Volume 55 Pages 89-101
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_89

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This paper studies the Chinese expressions corresponding to various usages of To in original Japanese texts through the comparison of a Japanese novel and its Chinese translation. The study shows that the three usages of continuous actions, discovery, and cause correspond mostly to parataxis sentences; the usage of time corresponds mostly to temporal words; the usage of repetition and habit corresponds mostly to yi P, jiu Q; and the usage of hypothesis corresponds mostly to conjunction of conditional or hypothetical relationships. This indicates that there are certain correspondences between the Chinese expression of Japanese To form and its subordinate usages. In addition, it has been mentioned in many previous studies that To form is rarely used in hypothetical conditional sentences. However, in this study, we found that among the various usages of To, the usage of continuous actions is also rare, almost the same as the hypothetical use in terms of quantity. Therefore, it can be said that both the usage of continuous actions and the usage of hypothesis are relative peripheral usages of To.

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Research trends related to Islamic medicine in Japan

Atsuko Goto

2024 Volume 55 Pages 103-118
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_103

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Many articles and books on Islamic medicine have been produced in Japan since the Meiji period, and research on Islamic medicine has developed in many different areas. The Islamic medicine mentioned here denotes not only Islamic religious medicine, but also other medical practices found in the Muslim-majority regions. This paper first provides an overview of Islamic medicine and then reviews Japanese studies on Islamic medicine, sorting by historical periods and themes. The data is extracted from the Bibliographical Database of Islamic and Middle East Studies in Japan 1868-, which is located on the Website of the Documentation Center for Islamic Area Studies, the Toyo Bunko (The Asia research library in Tokyo), and supported by the Toyo Bunko and the Japan Association for Middle East Studies.

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The Process of Creating Basic Guidelines for Promotion of Control Measures for Hepatitis and Citizen Participation: From the Perspective of “Technologies of Humility”.

Akashi Tanaka

2024 Volume 55 Pages 119-132
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_119

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This study examined the development of“Basic Guidelines for Promotion of Control Measures for Hepatitis” from the perspective of “Technologies of Humility” asserted by Sheila Jasanoff. “Technologies of Humility” entail policy making based on four principles, framing, vulnerability, distribution, and learning. Following the discussions in the advisory committee on hepatitis, it can be concluded that the scope of policy objectives has been expanded to encompass not only individuals with hepatitis but also those suffering from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Concerning vulnerability, it is believed that the discrimination and prejudice against patients with hepatitis necessitates special care. With respect to distribution, there have been modifications in the research framework, investigation plans, and fund allocation concerning hepatitis. Regarding learning, a policy of possible research on the effects of each budgetary project based on the basic guidelines was formulated. Consequently, the representatives of patients with hepatitis and their families play a critical role in introducing the perspectives of “Technologies of Humility” to policies related to hepatitis. Therefore, this form of civic participation is important to improve the quality of medical policies.

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Closed-Book Exams Using BYOD Devices

Reflections on the First Year of Operation

Hiroto Noguchi, Takeshi Kishiyama, Huang Chuyu

2024 Volume 55 Pages 133-142
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_133

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This report presents the outcomes of implementing computer-based exams using personal devices, as outlined by Noguchi et al. (2024). While the initial design effectively addressed the anticipated challenges associated with such a system, the actual deployment uncovered several unforeseen issues that require further attention. This report revisits the predicted problems and thoroughly examines these newly encountered challenges, offering potential solutions and strategies to mitigate their impact.

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Implicit and Explicit Stereotype Threat and Japanese Speakers of English: Observations and Suggestions

Richard Knobbs

2024 Volume 55 Pages 143-150
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_143

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After over two decades of teaching and observing English classes for students at all levels, the author has noticed pattern of many Japanese learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or English as a Second Language (ESL) lacking confidence in their ability to pronounce English words ‘correctly’ when speaking, or to distinguish between similar sounds in English when listening. The author suggests that implicit or explicit stereotype threat related to perceived weaknesses in the ability to produce and recognize certain English sounds is an overlooked area affecting Japanese students. Further, this paper hypothesizes that this stereotype threat can stifle student progress (Steele, C., & Aronson, J. 1995) and willingness to communicate in English, and is worthy of further study.

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ファン・ヘルモントにおける知性（Verstand）の問題

Koichiro Wakamatsu

2024 Volume 55 Pages 151-166
Published: 2024
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11480/kyoyobukiyo.55.0_151

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Van Helmont (Jan Baptista Van Helmont, 1579-1644), ein Arzt aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, widerspricht dem damaligen Zeitgeist, indem er behauptet, dass nicht die Vernunft das höchste kognitive Vermögen des Menschen sei. Vielmehr sei es der Verstand, der den Menschen gottgleich mache. Die Vernunft sei ein niederes Denkvermögen, das sowohl Menschen als auch Tiere haben, und die gleiche Rolle einnehme wie die in der Scholastik postulierten Urteils- und Denkfähigkeiten (vis aestimativa/cogitativa). Im Gegensatz dazu steht seine Theorie des Verstandes, die den menschlichen Intellekt als einfältig und selbstbewusst ansieht und stark von der mittelalterlichen deutschen Mystik beeinflusst ist.

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