E. H. Erikson's theory of life cycle has been often quated from the view of the secondary socialization after childhood. His theory expands the scope of developmental psychology into the whole human life cycle, including adolescent and adulthood.
In this paper, I examine the basic character of his theory and show how his theory of life cycle presupposes certain “normative image of man” which corresponds to his view on the contemporary American society. It seems that Erikson takes some ambivalent atittude toward the American society. For although he sees the American society essentially as pluralistic and democratic, he also critisizes an ethnocentric attitude (in his term, “cultural pseudospeciation”) in the American whites. Then he emphasizes the “wider identity” that is based on more universal perspectives. For Erikson, the “generative man” who has his wider identity is the goal of the secondary socializations.
I also examine how this normative image of man has been developed in the “psychohistory”, that is Erikson's study of life histories about historical leaders. Especially Erikson shows in his study of Gandhi how the generative man establishes the “mutuality” in his socalization. Accoding to Erikson, because Gandhi confronted younger generations with the wider identity, he succeeded in organizing them. Through organizing and directing younger generations, Gandhi himself had been socialized as a historical leader. Socilization depends on such a mutuality or interaction between different generations.
Through these reviews on Erikson's theory, I have made an effort to find a cue for constructing the framework of the studies in the secondary socialization.

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A purpose of this paper is to explain elmental characteristics of human consciousness and human behaviour, and explain basic problems in “Information Society” or “Information Culture”. (In my analysis, I ground the explanations on “Youth Phenomena”. Because young generation in Japan have been strongly influenced by developed “Information Culture”.)
First, I hypothesize the following 4 typifications about (Information-Processing-Machines-Man) Relation.
(Subject-Model object) Relation
1. (Subject | Attached Model object) Relation
(1) (Subject-Actual Model object) Relation
(2) (Subject-Pseudo Model object) Relation
2. (Subject-Detached Model object) Relation
(1) (Subject-Actual Model object) Relation
(2) (Subject-Pseudo Model object) Relation
Second, I named “Operation Personality” which has been formed by the influence of (Information-Processing-Machines-Man) Relation. (Particularly, a case on Attached & Pseudo Model object) And the characteristics of “Operation personality” are (1) operation interest, (2) psychological mobility, (3) undeveloped Ego-Consciousness, (4) the priority of sensitive standard.
But “Operating Personality” has various problems. Most basic problems are the following 2 problems.
1. Weak Sensibility about Reality
2. A Confusion of Time-Consciousness and Space-Consciousness

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The meaning is originally cut out of the nature by action relating to the nature. But, discourse as productive action has only proved into the unit in the necessary course of human culture, in the course of translation of codes. If we consider action of parole as creative one, it must be after the accumulated strata of codes, social and cultural context, and the reificated meaning-productive mechanism are made objective. Saussure's Semiology that has been said to be defective in semantics will take a important part in analyzing the reificated meaning-productive mechanism, if we only reinquire into Saussure's epistemologic premise and by means of generalizing action of parole into social and cultural action, and the context into the social context, ideologie, social value, social norm.

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J. Habermas' theory of personality development has not been paid attentions so much as his other theories i. e. theory of social development and theory of communicative-action. In this paper, I attempt to explore the logic of this theory by examining the category of role-competence. Theory of role-competence involves a combination of role theory and theory of ego-development. Habermas tries to synthesize many schools that are opposed to each other in these two fields and to make it clear that role-competence has a mediating quality closing the gap between morality of social members and social norm structures.
In order to synthsize existing role theories Habermas analyzes the critical debates about T. Parsons' theory and presents a revised understanding in accordance with the symbolic interactionism's perspective. His main intention of this study is to make role theory sufficient to explain the development of individuality and the independence of a personality.
Concerning ego-development Habermas points out a convergence of three main theoretical traditions i. e. ego-psychology, cognitive-developmental psychology and symbolic interactionism. And he constructs a synthetical model of personality development, being based on especially J. Piajet's theory of development. Through these studies Habermas insists that role-competence is an important ability to solve conflicts and to manage interactional norms and that this competence makes up the structure of a personality with cognitive-competence and communicative-competence.
He also presents a framework that is of use when analyzing rational personalities under the conditions that cause conflicts and developmental disorders. The kernel of his framework, I think, is the distinction and connection between communicative-competence and role-competence. He says that communicative-competence is necessary but is not enough for the development of role-competence.

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In this paper, we take up the problems about the movement of the peasants' union at Asahigawa in Hokkaido. That is ; (1) We concretely prove its material basis and the subjective condition under the agricaltural policy today ; (2) We analyze the social and human factors in the process of organization to the peasants' union ; and lastly we analyze the process of the subject formation of every member by the movement of the peasants' union, comparing with the unorganized peasants

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This article attemps to clarify the conflict-relevant terms and concepts at first. There are two sociological approaches in the studies of social conflict : the social relations' or “micro” approach and “ystem” or “macro” one. From the micro viewpoint we treat conflict as a type of dyad relations, which are classified into three phases of interest correlation : (a) opposition, (b) association and (c) dissociation. Attention to the difference in power and other mobilizing resources between parties provides us with five ideal types of interaction process : (1) conflict and (2) repressive domination process in opposition phase, (3) reciprocal domination and (4) cooperation process in association, and (5) parallel process in dissociation.
Secondly we present a transitional process model of dyad relations. Conflict relation changes to any other process and any process also changes to conflict, depending on the interest correlation of dyad and the decision of each.
What affects the decision to use the conflicting behavior as the protest? Relative deprivation, cost-benefit balance or mobilizing the resources? Finally we try to integrate these recent approaches and examine some of the tactical problems and dilemmas that confront the parties in pre-conflict and conflict process, especially the inferior party for his success. Some hypotheses are suggested on conflict and the relevant process.

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