This study presented a comprehensive analysis of date kernel oil from Phoenix dactylifera L., exploring its chemical composition, physical properties, and oxidative stability. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis revealed that the extracted oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (55%), with oleic acid being the major component (accounting 43.31%). Saturated fatty acids accounted for 45% of the total fatty acid composition. The identified bioactive compounds included carotenoids, β-sitosterol, cycloartenol, α-tocotrienol, and β-tocotrienol. Notably, the oil exhibited a high content of total tocols (60.77±0.26 mg/100 g) and carotenoids (235±0.00 mg/kg). The oxidative stability of date kernel oil was evaluated using Rancimat and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests, demonstrating its strong resistance to oxidation. The oil exhibited an oil stability index of 34.87 h at 110°C based on the Rancimat test. The kinetic parameters related to the oil oxidative stability were also established. The findings of this research indicated that date kernel oil could be a promising and versatile bioresource for multiple applications, offering a sustainable method for managing waste from date fruit processing. This study highlights the importance of developing alternative uses for agricultural by-products, underlining the economic and environmental benefits of their valorization.

Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. serves as raw material to optimize the supercritical CO₂ extraction process of seeds oil by response surface methodology. The components of seeds oil of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. (RSO) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and its antioxidation and anti-fatigue activities were also investigated. The findings indicated that the maximum oil yield of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. by SC-CO₂ was 23.59% under the conditions of 38.0°C, 180 min, 32.0 MPa, 5.0 mL/min CO₂ flow rate. GC analysis showed that unsaturated fatty acid content of RSO was 85.08%. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated that RSO had the most potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, achieving 90% at a dosage of 0.9%. The anti-fatigue activity assessment showed that RSO could significantly prolong the forced swimming time of mice, decrease the levels of lactic acid (LD), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and liver malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver tissue. The results of the study demonstrated that RSO has the ability to enhance glycogen storage in the body, enhance antioxidant capacity, and provide notable anti-fatigue activity.

Citric acid, a naturally found component of citrus fruits, is commonly added to beverages in Japan and marketed as a fatigue-relieving functional food. While some studies associate citric acid with insulin resistance and fatty liver disease, others suggest it enhances energy expenditure and lipid metabolism, leaving its effects on lipid metabolism unclear. To clarify these effects, we conducted a study where mice were given water with or without 0.6% free citric acid for 6 weeks. The group receiving citric acid showed reduced body weight, food intake, energy intake, and water consumption. However, no significant differences were observed in organ weights or energy efficiency. Hepatic enzyme activity (FASN), linked to fatty acid synthesis, was elevated, but lipolysis and cholesterol synthesis markers were unaffected. Plasma triglycerides and hepatic cholesterol were slightly elevated, but the results were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that citric acid may stimulate fatty acid synthesis without disrupting overall lipid metabolism in healthy mice consuming a standard diet.

The aim of this study is to determine the physicochemical properties of the seed oils of Viburnum L. species collected from different locations in Turkey over two consecutive years. For this purpose, Viburnum opulus L., Viburnum lantana L., Viburnum orientale Pallas and Viburnum tinus L. species growing naturally in Turkey were used. In this direction, the average values of Viburnum L. species seed oils in harvest years; specific gravity, refractive index, color, viscosity, boiling point, free fatty acidity, peroxide number, iodine number, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter number are; 0.92-0.93 g/cm³, 1.4760-1.4775 n_D, 4.20-10.70 (red), 2.40-70.00 (yellow), 63.90-75.57 mPa, 182.79-187.57°C, 0.74-1.36%, 10.38-17.82 meq O₂/kg, 117.35-134.18 wijs, 183.45-243.70 mg KOH/g, varied between 1.06-1.94%. The harvest year average values of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents of Viburnum L. species seed oils were determined as 1.99-8.95%, 29.33-57.95%, 35.43-55.98%, 0.17-0.50%, respectively. Also, seed oils were analyzed with FTIR and DSC. In line with these results, it was determined that the physicochemical properties of seed oils of Viburnum L. may vary depending on the species and harvest year and the obtained seed oils can be used as food supplement and vegetable oil in the food industry.

Pickering emulsification, which utilizes solid particles instead of surfactants to stabilize emulsions, offers advantages such as improved safety and environmental sustainability. This study explores the potential of quince fruit powder, a plant-derived material rich in fibers such as cellulose, lignin, and pectin, as a stabilizing agent for Pickering emulsification. Quince powder, a byproduct of fruit processing, was optimized for particle size using sieving to enhance its emulsification performance.

The emulsification efficiency of powders classified by particle size was evaluated through turbidity measurements, oil droplet size analysis, and Cryo-SEM observations. The results revealed that smaller particles (< 10 μm) exhibited superior emulsification performance, forming fine droplets with smooth surfaces. Medium-sized particles showed performance comparable to untreated powders, while larger particles resulted in lower turbidity and larger droplet sizes.

This simple and eco-friendly particle classification method, sieving, demonstrates potential for improving the performance of Pickering emulsification.