This study was conducted for the purpose of surveying the guidance and confidence in the professional andetc. of the leaders of the youth among the staff in the youth educational facilities and thereby getting basic datafor the promotion of further youth education and outdoor education.
THe results of the survey show the followings:
1) The strong fields of the leaders of the youth are sports activities and outdoor activities in the mountains.The weak fields are nature-and environment-learning activities and scientific experiment-oriented activities.
2) Those who directly guide the youth place an emphasis on environmental education, the acquisition of confidencethrough difficult experiences, the skills of human relations, and experiences of outdoor activities.
3) Regarding their confidence in the professional, they have a lot of confidence in understanding of children, guiding skills of a group, and etc. On the other hand they have little confidence in the knowledge and theoryof youth education and the analysis and assessment of the project.
4) There is a tendency to respect the programs prepared by school, while there are a few leaders who positivelysuggest changes of the program and the introduction of optional programs in accordance with the aims ofschool.
5) A number of leaders regret that they have few training opportunities to improve the professional of theirown.

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In some skiing areas, the use of ammonium sulfate especially for preparing the snow for ski racing is popular. Although many people are afraid of its effect on natural environment, until now few have beenresearched about this problem because only the people who are concerned with skiing know the fact.
We, therefore, studied the actual situation of using ammonium sulfate in skiing areas. The main foundingswere as follows.
1. The reason for using chemicals in skiing areas are mainly
1.1 to prevent the melting of snow or to prepare the snow for racing,
1.2 to melt the ice on the road,
1.3 to make artificial snow,
1.4 to accelerate the growth of plants during the summer.
2. For the same purpose, the use of ammonium sulfates become common after the 1970's instead of salt.The reason were salt damaged the vegetation on skiing areas and ammonium sulfates hardens the snow at a verylow cost.
3. The amount of ammonium sulfate used in skiing areas is more than the amount of fertilizer nitrogen used insome agricultural land where water pollution has been observed.
4. Ammonium sulfate which is used especially for preparing the snow for racing, affects the vegetation inskiing areas.
The result suggest that the amount of ammonium sulfate used in skiing areas should be reduced and researchshould be continued to find an alternative way which is more safe to the environment.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the difference of two winter outdoor activities (snowcamping andskiing) and ordinary physical education class about class evaluations and social power of instructors. Examination was extended to the relationships between the class evaluations and social power of instructors. Thesubjects were first-year junior college students, 51 (11 male, 40 female) students in the snowcamping practice, 46 (15 male, 31 female) students in the ski practice and 63 students in the ordinary class. All subjectsanswered the class evaluations questionaire on 9 items and the Perceived Social Power Scale (PSPS) on 24items in seven methods on the last day of each practice. The main results were as the following.
1. The evaluation in the making of a new friend was high in the snowcamping and the evaluation in case ofacquisition of the technique was high in the ski practice. Also, the evaluations were deepening the friendship and the radiation of the stress high in both practices.
2. The social power of the instructors at the snowcamping was strong in the power resources such as rewardpower, liking power, expert power, referent power compared with the instructor in the ski practice. A characteristic of the snowcamping was what the influence of the referent power of instructor is strong. And acharacteristic of the skiing was what the influence of the legitimate power of instructor is strong.
3. At snowcamping practice, the class Evaluations were seem to relate to reward, liking, referent, expertpower. Especially, it was conspicuous in the point, the acquisition of the knowledge and the pleasure, keeping the health and the radiation of the stress.

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Outdoor activities together with peers play an important role in the mental and physical development of children. But, today, there are few chances for children to play outdoor. There is another problem that there are onlya small number of teachers who have sufficient knowledge of outdoor activities.
This study examines the efficacy of tae lecture, “Theory and Practice on Outdoor Education”, which has givenlast two years as a teacher training program. In the academic year 1997, students learned outdoor activities suchas striking fire from Maikiri, messtin cookout, Japanese snowshoes making.Almost students didn't have chanceto experience before, they acquired fundamental knowledges and skills with impression.In 1998 academic year, this lecture held in combination with “Friendship Project for Teacher Training Course supported by the Ministryof Education”.In this combinated lecture, the students learned outdoor activities and taught them for primaryschool students as a leader.The result of the venture lecture showed the following efficacy; 1) outdoor activitiesare effective for education, 2) teaching experience on outdoor activity to children is effective for students ofteacher training course to understanding children, 3) this lecture is a necessary program for teacher training curriculum.

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