Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence
Online ISSN : 2435-8614
Print ISSN : 2188-2266
Volume 9, Issue 2
Displaying 1-35 of 35 articles from this issue
Print ISSN:0912-8085 until 2013
  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Preface
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 181
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 182
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Yumi IWASAKI
    Article type: Special issue
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 183-189
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Masami HAGIYA, Shuling LIU
    Article type: Special issue
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 190-195
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Masaki SUWA
    Article type: Special issue
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 196-200
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Atsushi YAMADA, Toyoaki NISHIDA
    Article type: Special issue
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 201-204
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Kazuo HIRAKI, Yuichiro ANZAI
    Article type: Special issue
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 205-209
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Yoshio NAKATANI
    Article type: Special issue
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 210-215
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Noboru SUGAMURA, Tadashi KITAMURA, Shigeo KANEDA
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 216-224
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Harutoshi OGAI
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 225-232
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Kazuhiro FUCHI
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 233-240
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Kiyoshi NITTA, Masayuki TAKEDA, Kenzo INOUE
    Article type: Technical paper
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 241-247
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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    Abduction is one of the human thinking processes that create new concepts. Because we usually do thinking without any selfconciousness about the progress of processes, the abduction is very much spontaneous and we do not feel such that it proceeds efficiently. Therefore if it is possible to organize the processes in a well-selected way, the efficiency of abduction would be very much improved. We call as an abduction-method the selected way for which a precise description, namely framework, is given. We turn our attention to one of abduction-methods using cards that are slips of paper on which an idea is respectively described. For example, if we want to do abduction using KJ method, which is one of the most famous abduction-method using cards in Japan, we must follow the framework by which we draw a graph only after we have completed grouping the cards. In this paper, we give a formalized description of frameworks, as the combination of works. These works are the formalization for a set of data and the way to view the data, and the manipulation for them. Each work is defined in the ordinary style of set notations. This formalism supplies another way observing the province of abduction-methods. Using this way, we become to be able to capture clearly the domain covered by abduction-methods, to find easily the differences of the various frameworks, and to observe abstractly the data which an abduction-methed holds at each stage applying the method.

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  • Ryohei ORIHARA
    Article type: Technical paper
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 248-257
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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    A system for creativity support "Chie-no-izumi" is presented. Implementing a model of creation based on analogical reasoning, Chie-no-izumi gives users some new concepts which are hints to novel ideas. The framework of analogical reasoning which is employed is "paraphrasing-based analogical reasoning (PA)". 0ne Concept, which is defined in the knowledge base, may be used to define the other concepts. PA generates new concepts by analogically reasoning on such a hierarchic structure of concepts. Domain division, which is postponed in past studies of analogical reasoning, plays an important role in PA. PA can derive several results of analogical reasoning from one knowledge base through different domain divisions. The prototype system for Chie-no-izumi has an interface to natural language (Japanese) inputs, does domain division for analogical reasoning, and graphically exhibits the process of analogical reasoning. Utilizing the information obtained from kana-kanji conversion, the prototype easily parses several kinds of sentences. Introducing heuristics to select external tokens, domain division is automated. Employing not only visual but also audio aides, a user can understand the process of analogical reasoning without difficulty. This paper describes what the model of creation is, how the prototype system works, and how it supports human creativity in planning new products.

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  • Yoshihiko OHTA, Katsumi INOUE, Ryuzo HASEGAWA, Makoto NAKASHIMA
    Article type: Technical paper
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 268-274
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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    It has been presented that we can translate an abduction framework into a model generation problem. The translation method is called "Skip". The MGTP prover can generate the minimal models of a set of first-order clauses. A large amount of OR parallelism appears in the translated program. However, the number of model candidates generated by the MGTP prover is often exponential-order. Therefore, we need a pruning technique for the translated program. Since we usually require only the minimal explanations of a query from an abduction framework, non-minimal explanations are redundant. In parallel processing, it is difficult for the MGTP prover to find that model candidates are redundant at intermediate steps. This paper describes a pruning technique for the MGTP programs translated by the Skip method. Here, it is proved that we may omit model candidates containing multiple instances of an abducible predicate if no predicates in the given theory are multiple-dependent on the abducible predicate. This condition can be checked with information from dependency analysis among predicates. We can also use the MGTP prover as the dependency analyzer. If we make program containing negative clauses (called cut rules) for abducible predicates which satisfy the condition, then these cut rules automatically prune redundant model candidates on the MGTP prover. We illustrate that the cut rules dramatically reduce the number of model candidates generated by the MGTP prover with the translated program. This pruning technique involves no overheads in parallel processing and allows us good performance on the parallel inference machine PIM/m.

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  • Akira ITO, Osamu TAKIZAWA
    Article type: Technical paper
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 283-289
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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    Irony is a kind of rhetoric which, by saying the opposite to his intention, achieves the transmission of his intention. Irony is used all over the world, irrespective of nationality, age, social status, etc., which suggests the existence of the common logic underlining irony. We formulate the phenomena of irony with the help of the dialogue model. According to this model, the essence of irony lies in the function that irony allows the transmission of the intention, and at the same time not to register it in the common belief, consequently inhibit/excuse the partner to counterargue.

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  • Akiko KONDO, Mitsuru ISHIZUKA
    Article type: Technical paper
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 290-298
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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    Knowledge is often incomplete ; that is, it often involves exception or contradiction. Handling incomplete knowledge in knowledge-bases is an important function to expand the capability of current knowledge-bases. Hypothetical reasoning handles such incomplete knowledge as hypothesis. It is abductive reasoning and can be directly applicable to model-based diagnosis problems, design problems, etc. Thus hypothetical reasoning is an important framework as an advanced knowledge-based system both from theoretical and practical view points. The most crucial problem with hypothetical reasoning is its slow speed due to its non-monotonic reasoning nature. We have developed fast hypothetical reasoning systems to overcome this problem. KICK-HOPE (Knowledge-Base Handling Incomplete Knowledge-by Holding Parallel Solutions on Environment Lattice) is one of those systems ; its reasoning mechanism is related to SLD-AL, or QSQR method developed as an efficient deductive data-base technology and works for predicate Hornclause knowledge. KICK-HOPE shows high efficiency for many problems. However, when the constraint for hypotheses is not strong, the number of synthesized hypotheses becomes too large to calculate, because KICK-HOPE calculates all the solutions. In many practical cases, we need one or a few good solutions quickly rather than all the solutions. Therefore, we have developed a fast hypothetical reasoning system, based on KICK-HOPE, for obtaining an optimal solution which is evaluated according to the assigned hypothesis' weight. For finding the optimal solution efficiently, beam search, best-first search and branch-and-bound search strategies are incorporated to hypothesis-synthesis on KICK-HOPE. The effectiveness of this method is shown experimentally by faultdiagnosis problems of logic-circuits.

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  • Tomoyuki FUJITA, Hitoshi OGAWA
    Article type: Research note
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 299-303
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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    A sequence of operators produced for some situation by a planning system cannot be applied under the different situation. In such case, a new plan have to be constructed to satisfy the new situation. However it is inefficient to reconsult the whole plan when the plan can be modified in order to be applied for the current situation. The system proposed in this paper can modify the plan to adapt to the new situation with the least change from the old plan. The system consists of three parts ; planner, effect-investigating system and Problem Create System. The planning system behaves like the NOAH [Sacerdoti 75] to produce operators as the network which can achieve goal states from initial states. The effect-investigating system detects harmful effects caused by changed situation by way of TMS [Doyle 79] from the network which consists of facts (operators and conditions) produced by planner with justification which represents dependency of these facts. The PRCS establishes problem (goal states) which should be solved by planner to modify the invalid plan for current states.

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  • Haruhiko KIMURA, Ryuichi ARAI, Shinya KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi TAKEBE
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 304-311
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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    This paper demonstrates by experiment the efficiency of a proposed method for dealing with an expensive production such that the left-hand side can be decomposed into plural sets of interdependent condition elements. The method introduced a new simple notation expressing plural instantiations satisfying a rule's left-hand side, using direct products combining subsets of working memory elements. Expensive productions are rules which would be required the extraordinary time and space to match (for each rule, compare the left-hand side against the current working memory). We compare the proposed match algorithm with RETE match algorithm in both the execution time and space. Evaluation results demonstrate the proposed method is more efficient than RETE match algorithm.

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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Other
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 312
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 313-315
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 315-317
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 318-320
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 321-322
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 323
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Corner article
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 324-325
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Other
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 326
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Activity report
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 327-328
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Activity report
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 329-330
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Activity report
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 331-332
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Activity report
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages b001-b012
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Other
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages b013-b016
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Cover page
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages c002
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Activity report
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages c002_2
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Table of contents
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages i002
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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  • Article type: Table of contents
    1994 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages i002_2
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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