Two cultivation trials were conducted to test the feasibility of using waste beds of nameko mushrooms as a replacement for the substrate in the cultivation of enokitake mushroom beds with cedar sawdust as the medium substrate. In the first trial, the culture medium with cedar sawdust as the entire medium substrate was used as the control group (hereinafter referred to as "0％ replacement"), and the culture medium with 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, and 100％ by volume of cedar sawdust as the substrate was used as the experimental group. In the second, 0.95 g of calcium carbonate per test bottle was added to the first experimental group. The results showed that no experimental group had a significantly increased yield of fruiting bodies than the 0％ replacement, but the difference in yield between the 0％ replacement and most of the experimental groups was about 10 g. The number of growing days was not clearly different between any of the experimental groups and 0％ replacement. These results suggest that wast substrate of nameko mushroom would be useful for enokitake cultivation.

This study clarified the actual situation of physical soil erosion due to the passage of Cervus nippon (hereafter, deer) in the forest edge and the factors that affect it. The study area was the forest edge of a Japanese cypress forest and a larch forest bordering a residential road on the west side of the Mochizuki Highland Ranch in Mochizuki-machi, Saku City, Nagano Prefecture. Soil erosion surveys were conducted at multiple locations, measuring the vertical exposure height (unit: cm) and direction of exposed roots from the ground surface. The results showed that there were clear signs of erosion in a perpendicular direction caused by the passage of deer at the forest edge. The average and standard deviation of the exposed height were both higher in the larch forest than in the cypress forest. Furthermore, the polar coordinate distribution of the exposed height showed that the root systems were exposed more in the direction of the steepest slope, but there were also some cases where they were exposed in other directions. As the average and maximum exposed heights increased as the slope angle became steeper, it was thought that in the forest edge slope, in addition to the normal sediment erosion, there was a possibility that the sediment erosion would be added due to the trampling of the deer when they passed through.