The disaster trends in the last century show the decrease in global fatalities resulting from climate-induced and environmental disasters. However, the impacts of these disasters continue to increase, including economic and social losses that further threaten people's health, safety, and even peace. While the total number of mortalities from most catastrophes may have declined, the number of people affected, including displaced people, continue to increase.

While environmental migration is not essentially an unpleasant condition, there are people with limited options to move to a safer location at the appropriate time; among them are the internally displaced persons (IDPs). During environmentally-induced displacement, people's insecurities are further heightened, as they confront the compounded challenges of their pre-disaster predicaments and the accompanying insecurities from their displacement. Thus, the human security approach that centers its attention to the IDPs, and the means to protect and empower them is necessary. This paper combines the concepts of environmental migration, internal displacement, and human security, and reflects on how protection strategies and empowerment initiatives are effectively realized to ensure comprehensive and sustainable recovery for displaced people. The paper looks at IDPs affected by the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines, based on the combined fieldworks/visit conducted in 2015, 2016 and 2020. This paper intends to open the discussions on the appropriate mechanisms to support communities displaced (or potentially displaced) as a result of climate change.

The current paradigm of youth development characterized by economic growth-centeredness and Eurocentrism does not lead to inclusive youth development. In the current paradigm, the youth are considered as labor inputs and a focus of youth development is concentrated on how to create a labor force that better suits the contemporary capitalist economic system. As a result, the youth are evaluated with quite a narrow economic lens and their intrinsic values as cultural and social beings are often neglected. Furthermore, a cleavage between the Westernized, elite youth (who went to school, acquired modern scientific knowledge, entered the modern employment system, among others.) and the non-Westernized, nonelite youth (young people who are out of school and jobless) are immense. The cleavage manifests itself as distorted elitism marked by the paternalistic attitude of the privileged elites towards the unprivileged youth. That prevents constructive dialogues between them, with the needs of the marginalized youth being too often unmet. Drawing from the concept of human development, human security and epistemic reconstruction, this essay brings the current paradigm under scrutiny and envisions the alternative one that integrates the hitherto marginalized youth. The youth population in Africa is expected to increase in the foreseeable future, and they will become more and more important actors in development. This process of relocating youth development from the current paradigm to the alternative one is thus urgent and imperative.