A 25-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the management of refractory uveitis in the right eye. Laboratory examination showed markedly elevated levels of plasma glucose (444 mg/dl) and HbA₁c (15.8%). After admission, intensive insulin therapy was started immediately, which resulted in resolution of the uveitis within 2 weeks along with the decrease in the plasma glucose. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was made based on the finding of severe impairment of insulin secretion without detectable islet-associated antibodies. Soon after discharge, the patient developed blurred vision in the right eye and was found to show rapid development of diabetic retinopathy, even though no apparent retinopathy had been evident at the initial admission. Since she developed diabetic maculopathy in the right eye within a few months, focal retinal laser photocoagulation was performed, but preretinal hemorrhage occurred at 6 months after the onset of uveitis. Her left eye, however, showed simple diabetic retinopathy and was subjected to no special treatment. This case reported herein is a rare one with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes who initially presesnted with diabetic uveitis and subsequently showed rapid development of diabetic retinopathy after the start of insulin treatment. The pathogenesis of diabetic uveitis and its treatment are discussed.