Balneotherapy is one of the natural therapies in which subterranean products, such as hot spring water, gases, muds (peloid), as well as climatic factors are utilized as therapeutical elements. This therapy is conducted by combination of hot spring water bathing, various thermo- and hydrotherapies, physical exercises, drinking, inhalation etc. as the complex therapy. Climatherapy is a treatment through a change in the patient's exposure to the atmosphere and the climate. In Japan, “bath cure” is main form of the Balneotherapy, in which the direct effects of the hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, water temperature, and particularly the pharmacological properties of hot spring water constituents play important roles. This therapy is a general and non-specific therapy with repeated therapeutical stimuli. The aim of the therapy is to alter the capacity for regulation and reactive functions of the organism, leading to activation and improvement of capacity of adaptability and self-healing potential. Thus, this therapy is a stimulus-reactive therapy and adaptation therapy by means of physiological principles. It should be stressed that the balneoclimatherapy can be applied as one of modern medicine before, during and after many conventional pharmaco- and operative treatment methods, co-acting with each other. The significance of the modern balneoclimatherapy has been increasingly emphasized for the purpose of the treatment and prevention of diseases and especially health promotion, in accordance with the needs and conditions of today's life in the developed countries.