It is desirable to stabilize the population balance of a school district from the perspective of the investment effect of public facility development and the sustainability of local communities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to focus on the relationship between the dynamics of the number of elementary school children and housing supply in Fukuoka City, and to clarify the factors that lead to the stabilization or instability of the number of children. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the supply of large-scale public housing complexes, housing for sale by the city government, and land readjustment projects are related to short-term increases and decreases in the number of children. The results of the case studies also revealed that small-scale, sparse developments and renewals over a long period of time lead to stabilization of the number of children.