In recent years, the consolidation of police and residential police boxes has been progressing. This paper examines the relationship between the decrease in the number of police and residential police boxes, and residents’ fear of crime and crime risk perception at the city level in Japan from 2015 to 2020, using “Digital Maps 25000” and “Research and study on fear of crime.” The differences in fear of crime and crime risk perception between respondents from the cities with a decreasing number of police boxes and cities in which it was stable were determined by a t-test. The same analysis was conducted at the residential police boxes. The results showed that the fear of crime and crime risk perception in the decreasing cities tended to be lower at police boxes, and fear of crime in the decreasing cities tended to be higher at residential police boxes.