This transmigration project is the biggest government sponsored resettlement project which promote an internal migration and resettlement based in agrarian rural reform. The objective of this study is to study the built capital conditions of transmigration projects and transformations performed by dwellers and communities to adapt and cope with challenges of resettlement. The study targeted two transmigration resettlement projects in Sumatra Island. Analysis is drawn from questionnaire survey and measurement survey of total 211 households. As a result, Sitiung was found to have a better built capital and living environment is improved than Kumpeh where the living condition is still in temporary due to natural environment like chronic floods.