The multi-step and superexchange electron transfer mechanisms which are necessary for therapid formation of long-lived ion-pair state are discussed on the basis of our pioneering ultrafastlaser photolysis studies on multichromophoric photosynthetic reaction center models. Inaddition, results of our studies on time-resolved fluorescence decay of tryptophan in proteinare discussed from the viewpoint of protein dynamics which is an important basis for the elucidationof enzyme reactions.