Electrocardiographic and Cardiopathological Studies on the Time of Occurrence of Spontaneous Arrhythmias and Intramural Coronary Arteriosclerosis in Rohde Island Red Chickens

Shin MUKAI; Noboru MACHIDA; Masaaki NISHIMURA; Takashi NAKAMURA; Keiji KIRYU

doi:10.11276/jsvc1984.29.91

Shin MUKAI, Noboru MACHIDA, Masaaki NISHIMURA, Takashi NAKAMURA, Keiji KIRYU

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Keywords: arrhythmias, arteriosclerosis, intramural coronary artery, Rhode Island Red chicken

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1996 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 91-98

DOI https://doi.org/10.11276/jsvc1984.29.91

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Published: 1996 Received: - Available on J-STAGE: September 17, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Robinson, W. F. and M. G. Maxie : The cardiovascular system. In : Pathology of Domestic Animals (4th ed.), Jubb, K. V. F., Kennedy, P. C. and N. Palmer ed., pp. 1-100, Academic Press, California, 1993.
2) Yamagiwa, K. and O. Adachi (1914) Über die Arteriosklerose bei Huhern. Verhandl. Japan Path. Gesellsch., 4, 55-60.
3) Dauber, D. V. (1944) : Spontaneous arteriosclerosis in the chicken. Arch. Pathol. (Chicago), 75, 618-626.
4) Grollman, A., Ashworth, C. and W. Suki(1963) Atherosclerosis in the chicken. Arch. Pathol. (Chicago), 75, 618-626.
5) Moss, N. S. and E. P. Benditt (1970) : Spontaneous and experimentally induced arterial lesions : II. The spontaneous plaque in the chicken. Lab. Invest., 23, 231-245.
6) Chvapil, M., Smith, P. L., Tillema, L. M., Carlson, E. C., Campbell, J. B. and C. D. Eskelson (1976) : Early changes in the arterial wall of chickens fed a cholesterol diet. Atherosclerosis, 24, 393-405.
7) Minick, C. R., Fabricant, C. G., Fabricant, J. and M. M. Litrenta (1979) : Atherosclerosis induced by infection with a herpesvirus. Am. J. Pathol., 96, 673-706.
9) Oda, S., Masegi, T., Kawada, M., Yanai, T. and K. Ueda (1994) : Spontaneous aortic arteriosclerosis in layer chickens. J. Comp. Pathol., 110, 341-347.
10) Paterson, J. C., Slinger, S. J. and K. M. Gartley (1948) : Experimental coronary sclerosis : I. Medial degeneration as the primary lesion in coronary sclerosis of cockerels. Arch. Pathol., 45, 306-318.
11) Paterson, J. C., Mitchell, C. A. and A. C. Wallace (1949) : Experimental coronary sclerosis : II. The role of infection in coronary sclerosis of cockerels. Arch. PathoL, 47, 335-339.
12) Paterson, J. C. and G. E. Cottral (1950) : Experimental coronary sclerosis : III. Lymphomatosis as a cause of coronary sclerosis in chickens. Arch. Pathol., 49, 699-709.
13) Ratcliffe, H. L. and R. L. Snyder (1964) Myocardial infarction : a response to social interaction among chickens. Science, 144, 425-426.
15) Masegi, T., Sato, K., Kawada, M., Yanai, T. and K. Ueda (1993) : Spontaneous coronary arteriolosclerosis in broiler chickens. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 55, 457-459.
16) Meltzer, L. E. and J. B. Kitchell (1966) : The incidence of arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarction. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 9, 50-63.
17) Moss, A. J., Davis, H.., DeCamilla, J. and L. W. Bayer (1979) : Ventricular ectopic beats and their relation to sudden and nonsudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 60, 998-1003.
18) Amada, A. and K. Kiryu (1987) : Atrial fibrillation in the race horse. Heart Vessels, Suppl. 2, 2-6.
19) Kiryu, K., Nakamura, T., Machida, N., Tangiku, M., Kaneko, M., Yosihara, T. and T. Yamamoto (1991) : Cardiopathological changes in race horses with abrupt deceleration of speed during a race. Jpn. J. Equine Sci., 2, 21-30.
20) Machida, N., Nakamura, T., Kiryu, K., Haramaki, S. and K. Too (1992) : Cardiopathological observation on a case of persistent ventricular tachycardia in a pony mare. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 54,1213-1216.
21) Machida, N., Yamaga, Y., Yasuda, J. and K. Too (1986) : Eisenmenger's complex in a holstein heifer. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 48,1031-1035.
22) Machida, N., Aohagi, Y., Shimada, A., Umemura, T. and K. Kagota : Myocardial infarction secondary to a disseminated coagulopathy in a cow. Cornell Vet., 81, 129-135.
23) Patterson, D. F., Detweiler, D. K., Hubben, K. and R. P. Botts (1961) : Spontaneous abnormal cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the dog. A clinical and pathologic study of 3,000 dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 22, 355-369.
24) Machida, N., Yamaga, Y., Yasuda, J. and K. Too (1986) : Myocardial microinfarction in a dog. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 48, 1057-1062.
25) Machida, N., Nakamura. T. and K. Kiryu (1992) : Cardiopathological observation of bifascicular block in an aged cat. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 54, 391-393.
26) Mukai, S., Machida, N., Nishimura, M., Nakamura, T., Amada, A. and K. Kiryu (1996) Electrocardiographic observation on spontaneously occurring arrhythmias in chickens. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 58, 953-961.

Right : 1) Robinson, W. F. and M. G. Maxie : The cardiovascular system. In : Pathology of Domestic Animals (4th ed.), Jubb, K. V. F., Kennedy, P. C. and N. Palmer ed., pp. 1-100, Academic Press, California, 1993.
2) Yamagiwa, K. and O. Adachi (1914) Über die Arteriosklerose bei Huhern. Verhandl. Japan Path. Gesellsch., 4, 55-60.
3) Dauber, D. V. (1944) : Spontaneous arteriosclerosis in the chicken. Arch. Pathol. (Chicago), 75, 618-626.
4) Grollman, A., Ashworth, C. and W. Suki(1963) : Atherosclerosis in the chicken. Arch. Pathol. (Chicago), 75, 618-626.
5) Moss, N. S. and E. P. Benditt (1970) : Spontaneous and experimentally induced arterial lesions : II. The spontaneous plaque in the chicken. Lab. Invest., 23, 231-245.
6) Chvapil, M., Smith, P. L., Tillema, L. M., Carlson, E. C., Campbell, J. B. and C. D. Eskelson (1976) : Early changes in the arterial wall of chickens fed a cholesterol diet. Atherosclerosis, 24, 393-405.
7) Minick, C. R., Fabricant, C. G., Fabricant, J. and M. M. Litrenta (1979) : Atherosclerosis induced by infection with a herpesvirus. Am. J. Pathol., 96, 673-706.
9) Oda, S., Masegi, T., Kawada, M., Yanai, T. and K. Ueda (1994) : Spontaneous aortic arteriosclerosis in layer chickens. J. Comp. Pathol., 110, 341-347.
10) Paterson, J. C., Slinger, S. J. and K. M. Gartley (1948) : Experimental coronary sclerosis : I. Medial degeneration as the primary lesion in coronary sclerosis of cockerels. Arch. Pathol., 45, 306-318.
11) Paterson, J. C., Mitchell, C. A. and A. C. Wallace (1949) : Experimental coronary sclerosis : II. The role of infection in coronary sclerosis of cockerels. Arch. Pathol, 47, 335-339.
12) Paterson, J. C. and G. E. Cottral (1950) : Experimental coronary sclerosis : III. Lymphomatosis as a cause of coronary sclerosis in chickens. Arch. Pathol., 49, 699-709.
13) Ratcliffe, H. L. and R. L. Snyder (1964) : Myocardial infarction : a response to social interaction among chickens. Science, 144, 425-426.
15) Masegi, T., Sato, K., Kawada, M., Yanai, T. and K. Ueda (1993) : Spontaneous coronary arteriolosclerosis in broiler chickens. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 55, 457-459.
16) Meltzer, L. E. and J. B. Kitchell (1966) : The incidence of arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarction. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 9, 50-63.
17) Moss, A. J., Davis, H.., DeCamilla, J. and L. W. Bayer (1979) : Ventricular ectopic beats and their relation to sudden and nonsudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 60, 998-1003.
18) Amada, A. and K. Kiryu (1987) : Atrial fibrillation in the race horse. Heart Vessels, Suppl. 2, 2-6.
19) Kiryu, K., Nakamura, T., Machida, N., Tangiku, M., Kaneko, M., Yosihara, T. and T. Yamamoto (1991) : Cardiopathological changes in race horses with abrupt deceleration of speed during a race. Jpn. J. Equine Sci., 2, 21-30.
20) Machida, N., Nakamura, T., Kiryu, K., Haramaki, S. and K. Too (1992) : Cardiopathological observation on a case of persistent ventricular tachycardia in a pony mare. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 54,1213-1216.
21) Machida, N., Yamaga, Y., Yasuda, J. and K. Too (1986) : Eisenmenger's complex in a holstein heifer. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 48,1031-1035.
22) Machida, N., Aohagi, Y., Shimada, A., Umemura, T. and K. Kagota : Myocardial infarction secondary to a disseminated coagulopathy in a cow. Cornell Vet., 81, 129-135.
23) Patterson, D. F., Detweiler, D. K., Hubben, K. and R. P. Botts (1961) : Spontaneous abnormal cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the dog. A clinical and pathologic study of 3,000 dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 22, 355-369.
24) Machida, N., Yamaga, Y., Yasuda, J. and K. Too (1986) : Myocardial microinfarction in a dog. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 48, 1057-1062.
25) Machida, N., Nakamura. T. and K. Kiryu (1992) : Cardiopathological observation of bifascicular block in an aged cat. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 54, 391-393.
26) Mukai, S., Machida, N., Nishimura, M., Nakamura, T., Amada, A. and K. Kiryu (1996) : Electrocardiographic observation on spontaneously occurring arrhythmias in chickens. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 58, 953-961.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the higher incidence of arrhythmias and arteriosclerotic changes of the intramural coronary artery (consisting essentially of intimal thickening) in Rhode Island Red chickens (RIR). Electrocardiographic examinations and cardiopathological examinations of the ventricle were conducted with 60 RIR and 60 White Leghorn chickens (WL) during 12 months after hatching, focusing on the time of occurrence of arrhythmias and intimal thickening of the intramural coronary artery. Arrhythmias were observed in 10 RIR aged 7 to 12 months (atrial premature contraction : 3, ventricular premature contraction : 3, ventricular preexcitation syndrome : 4), but not in WL. In addition, the incidence and degree of vascular lesions tended to increase with advancing age. RIR showed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of the severe vascular lesion than WL (p<0.001). The rate of occurrences of the severe lesion was significantly higher in RIR with arrhythmias than in RIR with normal sinus rhythm (p<0.01). Consequently, this study show that the high incidence of arrhythmias in RIR is closely related to the sclerotic changes of the intramural coronary artery.

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