Unlike circumstances for economic or educational issues, strong interest in science and technology of public is not necessarily accompanied by deep understanding. Promotion of public acceptance of science and technology requires a larger population knowledgeable of scientific terms and scientific methods, which also contributes to constructive debates on policy matters. A problem for Japan is its public has a scientific literacy lower than that in other countries. Other problems include the decreased interest in science among youth, and empoverished academic environment. These problems will never be solved without public support. Universities and research institutions should be more aware of their social responsibilities and more active in communications with the public, while citizens including policy makers should be acquainted with the scientific outlook.