The recent unexpected emergence of several respiratory viral infections poses a significant public health threat. These infections are associated with serious health conditions that are not only therapeutically challenging but also lead to the depletion of medical resources. Kampo medicine interprets the conditions of infections using the original method regardless of the pathogen. Progression of the infection is classified into six stages based on the disease course and host condition. Kampo medicine was used during previous viral pandemics to treat inflammation and prevent rapid deterioration of the disease. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of kampo medicine are complicated because these formulations contain multiple components. Basic research has proved that kampo preparations show antiviral and antiproliferative effects, cytokine-modulating action, and protective effects against organ dysfunction. The concept of regulating host homeostasis is an approach based on the characteristics of kampo medicine and may be a treatment option in intensive care.