The number of patients undergoing dialysis has been increasing annually in Japan, exceeding 230, 000 in 2003. While the numbers of dialysis patients continue to increase, the number of patients receiving kidney transplants are still small. One reason for this is that the number of patients desiring a kidney remains low. In Yamanashi prefecture both the numbers of kidney transplants and patients on the waiting list for kidney transplants have only slightly increased. A survey was therefore planned in dialysis patients to clarify their opinion about kidney transplantation. Among 723 patients who responded, 352 patients had considered kidney transplantation, 171 patients desired a kidney transplant, but only 70 patients (<10% of the total) were registered on the Japan Organ Transplant Network. Reasons for not registering included: no desire for a transplant (32.5%); agerelated issues (28.2%); lack of information about the network (13.4%); and a feeling that it was pointless (11.1%). Since no less than 171 patients expressed a desire for kidney transplant and 93 patients had not been informed the Japan Organ Transplant Network, vigorous campaign of kidney transplantation being required.