The guidelines for latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI) recommend screening hemodialysis patients for LTBI; however, the need to screen hemodialysis patients for LTBI is not widely accepted. In particular, there have been few reports about LTBI at the initiation of hemodialysis. Hence, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of LTBI among hemodialysis patients at the start of hemodialysis. Twenty-seven out of 151 new hemodialysis patients were diagnosed with LTBI (prevalence: 17.9%). LTBI were associated with smoking. According to our results, since the prevalence of LTBI among new hemodialysis patients was relatively high, we recommend screening end-stage kidney disease patients for LTBI at the initiation of hemodialysis.