A 60-year-old woman developed chronic renal failure as a result of lupus nephritis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and peritoneal dialysis was initiated in May 2001. In December 2008, the patient developed acute aortic dissection and underwent replacement of the ascending aorta followed by anticoagulant therapy with warfarin. In August 2010, hemorrhage in the left iliopsoas muscle was observed following admission for CAPD peritonitis. The bleeding was controlled with conservative therapy involving transfusion and rest. These various vascular lesions were thought to have been caused by a number of factors, including autoimmune abnormalities due to SLE, vasculitis, the effects of steroid treatment on arteriosclerosis and abnormalities in phosphorus and calcium metabolism caused by peritoneal dialysis. The long-term prognosis of SLE has improved greatly with advances in its treatment. However, the incidence of arteriosclerosis and other vascular lesions in patients with SLE is expected to increase in the future, and methods of preventing these complications must be investigated in a large number of patients.