The aim of the present study was to clarify the risks for dysphagia and its influencing factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, we aim to use these findings as a basic reference material in nursing care to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Data were collected from 62 outpatients diagnosed with COPD using self-administered questionnaires, physical function tests, and medical records. Factors influencing risks for dysphagia were then analyzed. Those judged to be at risk included 46.8% of the total subjects or nearly half of the entire subject sample. In addition, the extent of dysphagia risk in COPD patients was estimated. The results suggested that the appropriateness of teeth and dentures and duration of COPD morbidity were factors that could serve as indicators of dysphagia risk in COPD patients. Therefore, these patients require nursing care (e.g., identifying dysphagia risk factors) that utilizes these potential indicators of dysphagia risk.